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首页> 外文期刊>The American psychologist >Fostering Multiple Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors for Primary Prevention of Cancer
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Fostering Multiple Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors for Primary Prevention of Cancer

机译：培养多种健康的生活方式，以初步预防癌症

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The odds of developing cancer are increased by specific lifestyle behaviors (tobacco use, excess energy and alcohol intakes, low fruit and vegetable intake, physical inactivity, risky sexual behaviors, and inadequate sun protection) that are established risk factors for developing cancer. These behaviors are largely absent in childhood, emerge and tend to cluster over the life span, and show an increased prevalence among those disadvantaged by low education, low income, or minority status. Even though these risk behaviors are modifiable, few are diminishing in the population over time. We review the prevalence and population distribution of these behaviors and apply an ecological model to describe effective or promising healthy lifestyle interventions targeted to the individual, the sociocultural context, or environmental and policy influences. We suggest that implementing multiple health behavior change interventions across these levels could substantially reduce the prevalence of cancer and the burden it places on the public and the health care system. We note important still-unresolved questions about which behaviors can be intervened upon simultaneously in order to maximize positive behavioral synergies, minimize negative ones, and effectively engage underserved populations. We conclude that inter-professional collaboration is needed to appropriately determine and convey the value of primary prevention of cancer and other chronic diseases.
机译：特定的生活方式行为（吸烟，过量的能量和酒精摄入，水果和蔬菜的摄入量少，缺乏体育锻炼，危险的性行为以及防晒不足）会增加罹患癌症的几率，这些行为已成为罹患癌症的危险因素。这些行为在儿童时期基本不存在，在整个生命周期中会出现并趋于聚集，并且在受教育程度低，收入低或少数群体地位不利的人中显示出较高的患病率。尽管这些风险行为是可以改变的，但随着时间的流逝，人口数量几乎没有减少。我们审查了这些行为的普遍性和人口分布，并应用一种生态模型来描述针对个人，社会文化背景或环境和政策影响的有效或有希望的健康生活方式干预措施。我们建议，在这些级别上实施多种健康行为改变干预措施，可以大大降低癌症的患病率及其对公众和卫生保健系统的负担。我们注意到尚未解决的重要问题，即可以同时干预哪些行为，以最大程度地发挥积极的行为协同作用，最小化消极的负面影响，并有效地吸引服务不足的人群。我们得出结论，需要行业间合作来适当地确定和传达癌症和其他慢性疾病的一级预防的价值。

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