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首页> 外文期刊>The American psychologist >Initial Eyewitness Confidence Reliably Predicts Eyewitness Identification Accuracy
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Initial Eyewitness Confidence Reliably Predicts Eyewitness Identification Accuracy

机译：最初的目击者信心可以可靠地预测目击者识别的准确性

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摘要

Eyewitness memory is widely believed to be unreliable because (a) high-confidence eyewitness misidentifications played a role in over 70% of the now more than 300 DNA exonerations of wrongfully convicted men and women, (b) forensically relevant laboratory studies have often reported a weak relationship between eyewitness confidence and accuracy, and (c) memory is sufficiently malleable that, not infrequently, people (including eyewitnesses) can be led to remember events differently from the way the events actually happened. In light of such evidence, many researchers agree that confidence statements made by eyewitnesses in a court of law (in particular, the high confidence they often express at trial) should be discounted, if not disregarded altogether. But what about confidence statements made by eyewitnesses at the time of the initial identification (e.g., from a lineup), before there is much opportunity for memory contamination to occur? A considerable body of recent empirical work suggests that confidence may be a highly reliable indicator of accuracy at that time, which fits with longstanding theoretical models of recognition memory. Counterintuitively, an appreciation of this fact could do more to protect innocent defendants from being wrongfully convicted than any other eyewitness identification reform that has been proposed to date.
机译：人们普遍认为目击者的记忆是不可靠的，因为（a）高可信度的目击者错误识别在目前被错误定罪的男女300多个DNA检出中占70％以上，（b）法医相关的实验室研究通常报告说目击者的信心与准确性之间的弱关系，以及（c）记忆力足够延展，以至于人们（包括目击者）在记忆事件时与实际发生的方式有所不同。鉴于这些证据，许多研究人员同意，目击者在法庭上所作的信任声明（特别是他们经常在审判中表示的高度信任）应该被轻描淡写，甚至完全不予理会。但是目击者在初次识别时（例如从阵容中）做出的信心声明又如何呢？最近的大量实证研究表明，置信度可能是当时准确性的高度可靠指标，与长期以来的识别记忆理论模型相吻合。与直觉相反，对这一事实的了解可能比迄今为止提出的任何其他目击者鉴定改革更能保护无辜被告免于被错误定罪。

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