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首页> 外文期刊>The American psychologist >Ethos of independence across regions in the United States: The production-adoption model of cultural change
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Ethos of independence across regions in the United States: The production-adoption model of cultural change

机译：美国各地区的独立精神：文化变革的生产采用模式

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Contemporary U.S. culture has a highly individualistic ethos. Nevertheless, exactly how this ethos was historically fostered remains unanalyzed. A new model of dynamic cultural change maintains that sparsely populated, novel environments that impose major threats to survival, such as the Western frontier in the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries, breed strong values of independence, which in turn guide the production of new practices that encourage self-promotion and focused, competitive work. Faced with few significant threats to survival, residents in traditional areas are likely to seek social prestige by adopting existing practices of other, higher status groups. Because of both the massive economic success of the frontier and the official endorsement of the frontier by the federal government, eastern residents of the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries may have actively adopted the frontier practices of independence, thus incorporating the frontier ethos of independence to form the contemporary U.S. national culture. Available evidence is reviewed, and implications for further research on cultural change are suggested.
机译：当代美国文化具有高度的个人主义精神。然而，这种精神在历史上是如何被养育的，仍然没有得到分析。一种新的动态文化变革模型保持了人口稀少，对生存构成重大威胁的新颖环境，例如18和19世纪的美国西部边境，孕育了强大的独立价值观，进而引导了独立的生产。鼓励自我提升和专注而有竞争力的工作的新做法。面对很少的生存威胁，传统地区的居民很可能会采用其他较高身份群体的现有做法来寻求社会声望。由于边界在经济上取得了巨大成功，并且联邦政府正式批准了边界，因此18和19世纪的美国东部居民可能会积极采用边界独立的做法，从而纳入了边界的精神独立形成当代美国民族文化。审查了现有证据，并提出了对文化变革的进一步研究的启示。

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