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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >GABAergic neurons intermingled with orexin and MCH neurons in the lateral hypothalamus discharge maximally during sleep.
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GABAergic neurons intermingled with orexin and MCH neurons in the lateral hypothalamus discharge maximally during sleep.

机译：GABA能神经元与下丘脑外侧的orexin和MCH神经元交织在一起，在睡眠时最大程度地放电。

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The lateral hypothalamus (LH), where wake-active orexin (Orx)-containing neurons are located, has been considered a waking center. Yet, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-containing neurons are codistributed therein with Orx neurons and, in contrast to them, are active during sleep, not waking. In the present study employing juxtacellular recording and labeling of neurons with Neurobiotin (Nb) in naturally sleeping-waking head-fixed rats, we identified another population of intermingled sleep-active cells, which do not contain MCH (or Orx), but utilize gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a neurotransmitter. The 'sleep-max' active neurons represented 53% of Nb-labeled MCH-(and Orx) immunonegative (-) cells recorded in the LH. For identification of their neurotransmitter, Nb-labeled varicosities of the Nb-labeled/MCH- neurons were sought within sections adjacent to the Nb-labeled soma and immunostained for the vesicular transporter for GABA (VGAT) or for glutamate. A small proportion of sleep-max Nb+/MCH- neurons (19%) discharged maximally during slow-wave sleep (called 'S-max') in positive correlation with delta electroencephalogram activity, and from VGAT staining of Nb-labeled varicosities appeared to be GABAergic. The vast proportion of sleep-max Nb+/MCH- neurons (81%) discharged maximally during paradoxical sleep (PS, called 'P-max') in negative correlation with electromyogram amplitude, and from Nb-labeled varicosities also appeared to be predominantly GABAergic. Given their discharge profiles across the sleep-wake cycle, P-max together with S-max GABAergic neurons could thus serve to inhibit other neurons of the arousal systems, including local Orx neurons in the LH. They could accordingly dampen arousal with muscle tone and promote sleep, including PS with muscle atonia.
机译：下丘脑（LH），包含唤醒活性食欲素（Orx）的神经元所在的位置，被认为是一个清醒中心。然而，含黑色素浓缩激素（MCH）的神经元与Orx神经元共分布在其中，并且与它们相反，它们在睡眠中活跃，不会苏醒。在本研究中，在自然醒着的头部固定大鼠中采用神经细胞素（Nb）进行神经元的近细胞记录和标记，我们发现了另一类混杂的睡眠活动细胞群，它们不包含MCH（或Orx），但利用γ -氨基丁酸（GABA）作为神经递质。 LH中记录的“最大睡眠”活动神经元占Nb标记的MCH-（和Orx）免疫阴性（-）细胞的53％。为了鉴定其神经递质，在邻近Nb标记的体的部分内寻找Nb标记的/ MCH-神经元的Nb标记的静脉曲张，并对GABA（VGAT）或谷氨酸的囊泡转运蛋白进行免疫染色。一小部分最大睡眠的Nb + / MCH-神经元（19％）在慢波睡眠期间最大放电（称为``S-max''）与脑电图活动呈正相关，并且从VGAT染色显示Nb标记的静脉曲张保持警惕。绝大部分睡眠-最大Nb + / MCH-神经元（81％）在反常睡眠（PS，称为'P-max'）期间最大放电，与肌电图振幅呈负相关，并且Nb标记的静脉曲张也似乎主要是GABA能的。考虑到它们在整个睡眠-觉醒周期中的放电情况，P-max与S-max GABA能神经元一起可以用来抑制觉醒系统的其他神经元，包括LH中的局部Orx神经元。因此，它们可以减弱肌张力引起的觉醒并促进睡眠，包括PS和肌无力。

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