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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Neural correlates of arousal-induced circadian clock resetting: hypocretin/orexin and the intergeniculate leaflet.
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Neural correlates of arousal-induced circadian clock resetting: hypocretin/orexin and the intergeniculate leaflet.

机译：觉醒引起的昼夜节律重置的神经相关：降钙素/尿毒蛋白和间质性小叶。

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In Syrian hamsters, some procedures for stimulating behavioural arousal (e.g. running in a novel wheel and sleep deprivation by gentle handling with minimal activity) markedly phase-advance circadian rhythms when applied during the middle of the daily rest period, while other arousal procedures do not (e.g. physical restraint, caffeine and modafinil). The neural basis for this differential effect of arousal procedures on clock resetting is unknown. We used c-fos expression as a marker for neuronal activation to determine whether these arousal procedures differentially activate two nonphotic inputs to the circadian system, the thalamic intergeniculate leaflet (IGL; a proposed nonphotic gateway to the circadian clock) and the hypothalamic hypocretin system (which depolarizes arousal-related cell groups throughout the brain and innervates both the IGL and the peri-suprachiasmatic nucleus region). c-FOS in hypocretin-1-immunoreactive neurons, in hypothalamic nonhypocretin neurons and in the IGL was significantly increased by novel wheel running, gentle handling and physical restraint, but only weakly by systemic injections of modafinil (300 mg/kg) or caffeine (75 mg/kg), at doses that are strongly alerting. Spatial analysis revealed few regional differences in the percentage of cells double-labelled for hypocretin-1 and c-FOS following each treatment. These results suggest that activation of hypocretin neurons (as in the restraint condition) is not sufficient to induce phase shifts, and that gating of arousal effects on circadian clock phase may be downstream from the hypocretin system and from IGL neurons activated by these procedures.
机译：在叙利亚仓鼠中，一些在日常休息时间中使用的刺激行为唤起的程序（例如，驾驶新颖的轮子跑步并通过轻柔地操作以最少的活动来剥夺睡眠）可显着提前阶段的昼夜节律，而其他唤醒程序则没有（例如身体约束，咖啡因和莫达非尼）。唤醒过程对时钟重置的这种微妙影响的神经基础尚不清楚。我们使用c-fos表达作为神经元激活的标志物，以确定这些唤醒过程是否差异性激活了昼夜节律系统的两个非光输入，丘脑间质小叶（IGL;拟议的昼夜节律的非光通道）和下丘脑次胰泌素系统（从而使整个大脑内与唤醒相关的细胞群消极，并同时影响IGL和视交叉上神经周围区域。新型转轮，轻柔的操作和身体上的约束会显着增加低促肾上腺素1-免疫反应性神经元，下丘脑非促肾上腺素神经元和IGL中的c-FOS，但全身性注射莫达非尼（300 mg / kg）或咖啡因（ 75 mg / kg），剂量要非常警觉。空间分析显示，每次处理后，双重标记hypocretin-1和c-FOS的细胞百分比几乎没有区域差异。这些结果表明，降血糖素神经元的激活（如在约束条件下）不足以引起相移，并且对昼夜节律相位的唤醒作用的门控可能在降血糖素系统和通过这些程序激活的IGL神经元的下游。

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