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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Re-evaluating the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in reward and reinforcement
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Re-evaluating the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in reward and reinforcement

机译：重新评估眶额皮质在奖励和增强中的作用

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The orbitofrontal cortex and adjacent ventromedial prefrontal cortex carry reward representations and mediate flexible behaviour when circumstances change. Here we review how recent experiments in humans and macaques have confirmed the existence of a major difference between the functions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and adjacent medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) on the one hand and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) on the other. These differences, however, may not be best accounted for in terms of specializations for reward and error/punishment processing as is commonly assumed. Instead we argue that both lesion and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies reveal that the lOFC is concerned with the assignment of credit for both reward and error outcomes to the choice of specific stimuli and with the linking of specific stimulus representations to representations of specific types of reward outcome. By contrast, we argue that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex/mOFC is concerned with evaluation, value-guided decision-making and maintenance of a choice over successive decisions. Despite the popular view that they cause perseveration of behaviour and inability to inhibit repetition of a previously made choice, we found that lesions in neither orbitofrontal subdivision caused perseveration. On the contrary, lesions in the lOFC made animals switch more rapidly between choices when they were finding it difficult to assign reward values to choices. Lesions in the mOFC caused animals to lose their normal predisposition to repeat previously successful choices, suggesting that the mOFC does not just mediate value comparison in choice but also facilitates maintenance of the same choice if it has been successful.
机译：眼眶额皮质和邻近的腹膜前额皮质具有奖励表现，并在情况变化时介导灵活的行为。在这里，我们回顾了最近在人类和猕猴中进行的实验如何证实一方面腹侧前额叶皮层和相邻的内侧眶额叶皮层（mOFC）以及另一方面外侧眼眶额叶皮层（lOFC）的功能之间存在重大差异。但是，这些差异可能无法像通常假定的那样，在奖励和错误/惩罚处理的专业化方面得到最好的解决。相反，我们认为病变和功能磁共振成像研究都表明，lOFC与奖励和错误结果对特定刺激的选择的信用分配以及特定刺激表示与特定类型奖励的链接有关。结果。相比之下，我们认为腹侧前额叶皮层/ mOFC与评估，价值指导的决策制定以及维持对后续决策的选择有关。尽管流行的观点认为它们引起行为的坚持和不能抑制先前做出的选择的重复，但我们发现，眶额叶细分中的病变均未引起坚持。相反，10FFC中的病变使动物发现难以为选择分配奖励值时，它们在选择之间的转换更快。 mOFC中的病变使动物失去了正常的倾向，无法重复先前成功的选择，这表明mOFC不仅可以介导选择中的价值比较，而且可以成功地维护相同的选择。

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