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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Attention and prediction in human audition: a lesson from cognitive psychophysiology
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Attention and prediction in human audition: a lesson from cognitive psychophysiology

机译：人类听觉中的注意力和预测：认知心理生理学

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摘要

Attention is a hypothetical mechanism in the service of perception that facilitates the processing of relevant information and inhibits the processing of irrelevant information. Prediction is a hypothetical mechanism in the service of perception that considers prior information when interpreting the sensorial input. Although both (attention and prediction) aid perception, they are rarely considered together. Auditory attention typically yields enhanced brain activity, whereas auditory prediction often results in attenuated brain responses. However, when strongly predicted sounds are omitted, brain responses to silence resemble those elicited by sounds. Studies jointly investigating attention and prediction revealed that these different mechanisms may interact, e.g. attention may magnify the processing differences between predicted and unpredicted sounds. Following the predictive coding theory, we suggest that prediction relates to predictions sent down from predictive models housed in higher levels of the processing hierarchy to lower levels and attention refers to gain modulation of the prediction error signal sent up to the higher level. As predictions encode contents and confidence in the sensory data, and as gain can be modulated by the intention of the listener and by the predictability of the input, various possibilities for interactions between attention and prediction can be unfolded. From this perspective, the traditional distinction between bottom-up/exogenous and top-down/endogenous driven attention can be revisited and the classic concepts of attentional gain and attentional trace can be integrated.
机译：注意是一种在感知服务中的假设机制，可促进相关信息的处理并抑制无关信息的处理。预测是在感知服务中的一种假设机制，在解释感觉输入时会考虑先验信息。尽管（注意力和预测）都有助于感知，但很少将它们一起考虑。听觉注意力通常会增强大脑活动，而听觉预测通常会导致大脑反应减弱。但是，当省略了强烈预测的声音时，大脑对沉默的反应类似于声音引起的反应。共同调查注意力和预测的研究表明，这些不同的机制可能相互作用，例如注意可能会放大预测声音和非预测声音之间的处理差异。遵循预测编码理论，我们建议预测与从处理层次结构的较高级别中的预测模型向下发送至较低级别的预测有关，而注意力则与向上发送的预测误差信号的增益调制有关。当预测对感觉数据的内容和置信度进行编码时，由于可以通过听众的意图和输入的可预测性来调制增益，因此可以展现注意力和预测之间相互作用的各种可能性。从这个角度来看，可以重新探讨自下而上/外在驱动和自上而下/内源驱动的注意力之间的传统区别，并且可以整合注意力获得和注意力追踪的经典概念。

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