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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Subthreshold membrane responses underlying sparse spiking to natural vocal signals in auditory cortex
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Subthreshold membrane responses underlying sparse spiking to natural vocal signals in auditory cortex

机译：稀疏峰对听觉皮层中自然声音信号的亚阈值膜反应

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Natural acoustic communication signals, such as speech, are typically high-dimensional with a wide range of co-varying spectro-temporal features at multiple timescales. The synaptic and network mechanisms for encoding these complex signals are largely unknown. We are investigating these mechanisms in high-level sensory regions of the songbird auditory forebrain, where single neurons show sparse, object-selective spiking responses to conspecific songs. Using whole-cell in vivo patch clamp techniques in the caudal mesopallium and the caudal nidopallium of starlings, we examine song-driven subthreshold and spiking activity. We find that both the subthreshold and the spiking activity are reliable (i.e. the same song drives a similar response each time it is presented) and specific (i.e. responses to different songs are distinct). Surprisingly, however, the reliability and specificity of the subthreshold response was uniformly high regardless of when the cell spiked, even for song stimuli that drove no spikes. We conclude that despite a selective and sparse spiking response, high-level auditory cortical neurons are under continuous, non-selective, stimulus-specific synaptic control. To investigate the role of local network inhibition in this synaptic control, we then recorded extracellularly while pharmacologically blocking local GABAergic transmission. This manipulation modulated the strength and the reliability of stimulus-driven spiking, consistent with a role for local inhibition in regulating the reliability of network activity and the stimulus specificity of the subthreshold response in single cells. We discuss these results in the context of underlying computations that could generate sparse, stimulus-selective spiking responses, and models for hierarchical pooling.
机译：诸如语音之类的自然声学通信信号通常是高维的，并且在多个时间尺度上具有多种随时间变化的光谱时间特征。编码这些复杂信号的突触和网络机制在很大程度上是未知的。我们正在研究鸣禽听觉前脑的高级感觉区域中的这些机制，其中单个神经元对同种歌曲表现出稀疏的，对象选择性的尖峰响应。使用全细胞活体膜片钳技术在star鸟的中脑皮层和尾部鼻甲皮层中，我们研究了歌曲驱动的亚阈值和加标活性。我们发现亚阈值和峰值活动都是可靠的（即同一首歌曲每次出现时都会产生相似的响应）并且是特定的（即对不同歌曲的响应是不同的）。但是，令人惊讶的是，无论细胞何时加标，亚阈值响应的可靠性和特异性都很高，即使对于没有加标的歌曲刺激也是如此。我们得出结论，尽管有选择性和稀疏的尖峰反应，但高级听觉皮层神经元仍处于连续的，非选择性的，刺激特异性的突触控制之下。为了研究局部网络抑制在这种突触控制中的作用，我们随后在药理学上阻断了细胞外GABA能传递的同时进行了细胞外记录。这种操作调节了刺激驱动的尖峰的强度和可靠性，这与局部抑制在调节网络活动的可靠性和单个细胞中亚阈值反应的刺激特异性方面的作用一致。我们在可能产生稀疏，刺激选择性尖峰响应和分层池模型的基础计算的上下文中讨论这些结果。

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