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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Postural threat differentially affects the feedforward and feedback components of the vestibular-evoked balance response
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Postural threat differentially affects the feedforward and feedback components of the vestibular-evoked balance response

机译：姿势威胁对前庭诱发的平衡反应的前馈和反馈成分有不同的影响

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Circumstances may render the consequence of falling quite severe, thus maximising the motivation to control postural sway. This commonly occurs when exposed to height and may result from the interaction of many factors, including fear, arousal, sensory information and perception. Here, we examined human vestibular-evoked balance responses during exposure to a highly threatening postural context. Nine subjects stood with eyes closed on a narrow walkway elevated 3.85 m above ground level. This evoked an altered psycho-physiological state, demonstrated by a twofold increase in skin conductance. Balance responses were then evoked by galvanic vestibular stimulation. The sway response, which comprised a whole-body lean in the direction of the edge of the walkway, was significantly and substantially attenuated after ~800 ms. This demonstrates that a strong reason to modify the balance control strategy was created and subjects were highly motivated to minimise sway. Despite this, the initial response remained unchanged. This suggests little effect on the feedforward settings of the nervous system responsible for coupling pure vestibular input to functional motor output. The much stronger, later effect can be attributed to an integration of balance-relevant sensory feedback once the body was in motion. These results demonstrate that the feedforward and feedback components of a vestibular-evoked balance response are differently affected by postural threat. Although a fear of falling has previously been linked with instability and even falling itself, our findings suggest that this relationship is not attributable to changes in the feedforward vestibular control of balance. We examined the balance response evoked by galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) in human subjects stood on a high narrow walkway. In this highly threatening postural context the evoked sway was significantly reduced after ~800 ms, demonstrating that subjects were strongly motivated to minimise body displacement. Despite this, the early sway response did not differ between height and ground conditions, suggesting that postural threat does not affect the feedforward vestibular control of balance.
机译：在某些情况下，跌倒的后果可能非常严重，从而使控制姿势摇摆的动机最大化。这通常发生在高处，可能是由于许多因素的相互作用所致，包括恐惧，唤醒，感觉信息和知觉。在这里，我们检查了暴露于高度威胁性姿势环境中的人前庭诱发的平衡反应。九名受试者闭眼站立在海拔3.85 m以上的狭窄人行道上。这引起了改变的心理生理状态，表现为皮肤电导增加了两倍。然后通过电前庭刺激引起平衡反应。大约在800毫秒后，包括沿行人道边缘方向倾斜的全身的摇摆响应得到了显着且显着的衰减。这表明创建了修改平衡控制策略的强烈理由，并且激发了受试者积极性以最大程度地减少摇摆。尽管如此，最初的反应仍然没有改变。这表明对负责将纯前庭输入耦合到功能性运动输出的神经系统的前馈设置影响很小。身体运动后，平衡效果更好的感觉反馈归因于平衡相关的感觉反馈的整合。这些结果表明，前庭诱发的平衡反应的前馈和反馈成分受姿势威胁的影响不同。尽管以前担心跌倒与不稳定甚至跌倒本身有关，但我们的发现表明这种关系并不归因于前馈平衡控制的变化。我们检查了站在高狭窄人行道上的人类受试者的前庭电前庭刺激（GVS）引起的平衡反应。在这种高度威胁性的姿势环境中，〜800 ms之后，诱发的摇摆明显减少，这表明受试者有强烈的动机将身体位移降至最低。尽管如此，在高度和地面条件下，早期摇摆响应没有差异，这表明姿势威胁不会影响前馈前庭对平衡的控制。

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