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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Food-entrainable circadian oscillators in the brain.
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Food-entrainable circadian oscillators in the brain.

机译：大脑中可携带食物的昼夜节律振荡器。

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Circadian rhythms in mammalian behaviour and physiology rely on daily oscillations in the expression of canonical clock genes. Circadian rhythms in clock gene expression are observed in the master circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus but are also observed in many other brain regions that have diverse roles, including influences on motivational and emotional state, learning, hormone release and feeding. Increasingly, important links between circadian rhythms and metabolism are being uncovered. In particular, restricted feeding (RF) schedules which limit food availability to a single meal each day lead to the induction and entrainment of circadian rhythms in food-anticipatory activities in rodents. Food-anticipatory activities include increases in core body temperature, activity and hormone release in the hours leading up to the predictable mealtime. Crucially, RF schedules and the accompanying food-anticipatory activities are also associated with shifts in the daily oscillation of clock gene expression in diverse brain areas involved in feeding, energy balance, learning and memory, and motivation. Moreover, lesions of specific brain nuclei can affect the way rats will respond to RF, but have generally failed to eliminate all food-anticipatory activities. As a consequence, it is likely that a distributed neural system underlies the generation and regulation of food-anticipatory activities under RF. Thus, in the future, we would suggest that a more comprehensive approach should be taken, one that investigates the interactions between multiple circadian oscillators in the brain and body, and starts to report on potential neural systems rather than individual and discrete brain areas.
机译：哺乳动物行为和生理的昼夜节律依赖于规范时钟基因表达的日常振荡。时钟基因表达中的昼夜节律在昼夜节律性上时钟中被观察到，但在其他许多具有不同作用的大脑区域中也观察到，包括对动机和情绪状态，学习，激素释放和喂养的影响。人们越来越发现昼夜节律与新陈代谢之间的重要联系。特别是，限制进食（RF）计划将每天的食物供应量限制为一顿，导致了啮齿动物食物预期活动中昼夜节律的诱导和诱使。食物预期活动包括导致可预测的进餐时间的几个小时内核心体温，活动和激素释放的增加。至关重要的是，RF计划和随之而来的食物预期活动也与涉及进食，能量平衡，学习和记忆以及动机的不同大脑区域中时钟基因表达的每日振荡变化有关。而且，特定脑核的损伤会影响大鼠对RF的反应方式，但通常无法消除所有预期的食物活动。结果，分布式神经系统可能是RF下食物预期活动的产生和调节的基础。因此，在将来，我们建议应采用一种更全面的方法，该方法研究大脑和身体中多个昼夜节律振荡器之间的相互作用，并开始报告潜在的神经系统，而不是单个和离散的大脑区域。

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