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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Measuring risk-taking in mice: Balancing the risk between seeking reward and danger
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Measuring risk-taking in mice: Balancing the risk between seeking reward and danger

机译：测量小鼠的冒险行为：在寻求奖励和危险之间平衡风险

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Assessing risk is an essential part of human behaviour and may be disrupted in a number of psychiatric conditions. Currently, in many animal experimental designs the basis of the potential 'risk' is loss or attenuation of reward, which fail to capture 'real-life' risky situations where there is a trade-off between a separate cost and reward. The development of rodent tasks where two separate and conflicting factors are traded against each other has begun to address this discrepancy. Here, we discuss the merits of these risk-taking tasks and describe the development of a novel test for mice - the 'predator-odour risk-taking' task. This paradigm encapsulates a naturalistic approach to measuring risk-taking behaviour where mice have to balance the benefit of gaining a food reward with the cost of exposure to a predator odour using a range of different odours (rat, cat and fox). We show that the 'predator-odour risk-taking' task was sensitive to the trade-off between cost and benefit by demonstrating reduced motivation to collect food reward in the presence of these different predator odours in two strains of mice and, also, if the value of the food reward was reduced. The 'predator-odour risk-taking' task therefore provides a strong platform for the investigation of the genetic substrates of risk-taking behaviour using mouse models, and adds a further dimension to other recently developed rodent tests.
机译：评估风险是人类行为的重要组成部分，在许多精神疾病中可能会受到干扰。当前，在许多动物实验设计中，潜在“风险”的基础是奖励的损失或削弱，而这种损失无法捕捉到“现实生活”中的风险情况，即在单独的成本和奖励之间进行权衡。啮齿动物任务的发展已开始解决这一差异，在啮齿动物任务中，两个相互独立且相互冲突的因素相互交换。在这里，我们讨论了这些冒险任务的优点，并描述了一种针对小鼠的新型测试的发展-“捕食者气味冒险”任务。这种范例封装了一种用于衡量冒险行为的自然方法，其中小鼠必须使用一系列不同的气味（老鼠，猫和狐狸）在获得食物奖励的好处与暴露于捕食者气味的成本之间取得平衡。我们展示了“捕食者气味冒险”任务通过在两种品系小鼠中存在这些不同捕食者气味的情况下表现出减少收集食物奖励的动力，从而降低了成本与收益之间的权衡关系，因此，如果食物奖励的价值降低了。因此，“捕食者气味冒险”任务提供了一个强大的平台，可使用小鼠模型调查遗传行为的遗传底物，并为其他最近开发的啮齿动物测试增加了新的维度。

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