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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Neural and psychological mechanisms underlying compulsive drug seeking habits and drug memories - indications for novel treatments of addiction
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Neural and psychological mechanisms underlying compulsive drug seeking habits and drug memories - indications for novel treatments of addiction

机译：强迫性寻求毒品习惯和毒品记忆的神经和心理机制-新型成瘾疗法的适应症

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This review discusses the evidence for the hypothesis that the development of drug addiction can be understood in terms of interactions between Pavlovian and instrumental learning and memory mechanisms in the brain that underlie the seeking and taking of drugs. It is argued that these behaviours initially are goal-directed, but increasingly become elicited as stimulus-response habits by drug-associated conditioned stimuli that are established by Pavlovian conditioning. It is further argued that compulsive drug use emerges as the result of a loss of prefrontal cortical inhibitory control over drug seeking habits. Data are reviewed that indicate these transitions from use to abuse to addiction depend upon shifts from ventral to dorsal striatal control over behaviour, mediated in part by serial connectivity between the striatum and midbrain dopamine systems. Only some individuals lose control over their drug use, and the importance of behavioural impulsivity as a vulnerability trait predicting stimulant abuse and addiction in animals and humans, together with consideration of an emerging neuroendophenotype for addiction are discussed. Finally, the potential for developing treatments for addiction is considered in light of the neuropsychological advances that are reviewed, including the possibility of targeting drug memory reconsolidation and extinction to reduce Pavlovian influences on drug seeking as a means of promoting abstinence and preventing relapse.
机译：这篇综述讨论了以下假说的证据，即可以通过巴甫洛夫式与寻求药物的基础和大脑中的仪器学习与记忆机制之间的相互作用来理解药物成瘾的发展。有人认为，这些行为最初是目标导向的，但越来越多地被通过巴甫洛夫式条件建立的与药物相关的条件刺激作为刺激-反应习惯而引起。进一步认为，强迫性吸毒的出现是由于前额叶皮质对寻找药物习惯的抑制作用丧失的结果。审查的数据表明，这些从使用到滥用到成瘾的转变取决于对行为的控制，从腹侧到背侧纹状体的转变，部分由纹状体和中脑多巴胺系统之间的系列连通性介导。只有一些人失去了对药物使用的控制，并且讨论了将行为冲动作为预测动物和人类兴奋剂滥用和成瘾的易损性状的重要性，并讨论了正在出现的成瘾性神经内分泌表型。最后，根据所审查的神经心理学进展，考虑了开发成瘾疗法的潜力，包括针对药物记忆的巩固和灭绝以减少巴甫洛夫对寻求药物的影响作为促进禁欲和预防复发的手段的可能性。

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