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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Nitric oxide modulates the transfer function between cones and horizontal cells during changing conditions of ambient illumination.
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Nitric oxide modulates the transfer function between cones and horizontal cells during changing conditions of ambient illumination.

机译：一氧化氮会在环境照明条件发生变化时调节视锥细胞与水平细胞之间的传递函数。

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摘要

It has been suggested that nitric oxide (NO) serves as a retinal neuromodulator, adjusting retinal function to changing conditions of adaptation. We tested this hypothesis in the intact turtle retina by recording the photoresponses of L-cones and L1-horizontal cells, while changing retinal NO level and background illumination. Raising the retinal level of NO, by adding an NO donor (sodium nitroprusside) or the precursor for NO synthesis (L-arginine), induced response augmentation in L-cones and L1-horizontal cells. Lowering retinal level of NO by adding L-NAME, an inhibitor of NO synthesis, reduced the amplitudes of the photoresponses in these retinal neurons. The transfer function between L-cones and L1-horizontal cells, constructed from the photoresponses of these cells, was modified by NO and by background lights. The nonlinear transfer function, characteristic of the dark-adapted retina, became linear and of low gain when the retinal NO level was increased or by increasing the level of ambient illumination. In contrast, inhibiting NO synthesis in the light-adapted retina induced nonlinearity in the cone-to-horizontal cell transfer function similar to that seen in the dark-adapted state. NADPH diaphorase histochemistry, conducted on isolated retinal cells, demonstrated activity in cone inner segments and distal process of Muller cells. These findings support the hypothesis that NO synthesis in the distal turtle retina is triggered by background illumination, and that NO acts to adjust the modes of visual information processing in the outer plexiform layer to the conditions required during continuous background illumination.
机译：已经提出，一氧化氮（NO）充当视网膜神经调节剂，调节视网膜功能以适应变化的适应条件。我们通过记录L-锥体和L1-水平细胞的光反应，同时改变视网膜的NO水平和背景照明，在完整的乌龟视网膜中测试了这一假设。通过添加一氧化氮供体（硝普钠）或一氧化氮合成前体（L-精氨酸）来提高视网膜的一氧化氮水平，从而在L-锥体和L1-水平细胞中诱导反应增强。通过添加一氧化氮合成抑制剂L-NAME降低视网膜一氧化氮水平，可以降低这些视网膜神经元的光响应幅度。由这些细胞的光响应构成的L-锥体和L1-水平细胞之间的传递功能被NO和背景光修饰。当视网膜NO水平增加或通过增加环境照度水平时，适应黑暗的视网膜的非线性传递函数变为线性且增益低。相反，抑制光适应性视网膜中的NO合成会导致视锥细胞到水平细胞传递函数的非线性，类似于在黑暗适应状态下所观察到的非线性。在分离的视网膜细胞上进行的NADPH心肌黄递酶组织化学显示了在锥体内部节段和Muller细胞远端过程中的活性。这些发现支持以下假设：龟背远端视网膜中的NO合成是由背景照明触发的，NO的作用是将外部丛状层中的视觉信息处理模式调整为连续背景照明所需的条件。

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