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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Disruption of self-organized actions in monkeys with progressive MPTP-induced parkinsonism. I. Effects of task complexity.
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Disruption of self-organized actions in monkeys with progressive MPTP-induced parkinsonism. I. Effects of task complexity.

机译：破坏进行性MPTP诱发的帕金森病的猴子的自组织动作。 I.任务复杂性的影响。

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摘要

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor symptoms, usually accompanied by cognitive deficits. The question addressed in this study is whether complexity of routine actions can exacerbate parkinsonian disorders that are often considered to be motor symptoms. To examine this question, we trained four vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) to perform three multiple-choice retrieval tasks. In order of ascending complexity, rewards were freely available (task 1), covered with transparent sliding plaques (task 2), and covered with opaque sliding plaques cued by symbols (task 3). Thus, from task 1 to task 2 we added a motor difficulty--the recall of context-adapted movement; and from task 2 to task 3 we added a cognitive difficulty: the recall of symbol-reward associations. The more complex the task, the longer it took to learn, but after extensive training the performance was stable in all tasks, with similar retrieval durations. The monkeys then received systemic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) injections (0.3-0.4 mg/kg) every 4-7 days, until the first motor symptoms appeared. In the course of MPTP intoxication, the behavioural performance declined while the motor symptoms were absent or mild--the retrieval duration increased, and non-initiated choices and hesitations between choices became frequent. Interestingly, this decline was in proportion to task complexity, and was particularly pronounced with the cognitive difficulty. Furthermore, freezing appeared only with the cognitive difficulty. We therefore suggest that everyday cognitive difficulties may exacerbate hypokinesia (lack of initiation, abnormal slowness) and executive disorders (hesitations, freezing) in the early stages of human PD.
机译：帕金森氏病（PD）的特征在于运动症状，通常伴有认知缺陷。这项研究解决的问题是常规动作的复杂性是否会加剧通常被认为是运动症状的帕金森氏病。为了研究这个问题，我们训练了四只黑长尾猴（Cercopithecus aethiops）来执行三个多选检索任务。为了提高复杂性，可以免费获得奖励（任务1），用透明的滑动板覆盖（任务2），并用符号提示的不透明的滑动板覆盖（任务3）。因此，从任务1到任务2，我们增加了运动难度-回忆适应上下文的运动;从任务2到任务3，我们增加了一个认知困难：召回符号-奖励关联。任务越复杂，学习时间就越长，但是经过广泛的培训，在所有任务中表现稳定，并且检索时间相似。然后，这些猴子每4-7天接受一次全身性1-​​甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶（MPTP）注射（0.3-0.4 mg / kg），直到出现第一个运动症状。在MPTP醉酒的过程中，行为表现下降而运动症状消失或轻度-恢复时间延长，并且未开始的选择和选择之间的犹豫变得频繁。有趣的是，这种下降与任务的复杂性成正比，尤其是在认知困难的情况下。此外，冻结仅在认知困难时出现。因此，我们建议在人类PD的早期阶段，日常的认知困难可能会加剧运动不足（缺乏启动，异常缓慢）和执行障碍（迟钝，冻结）。

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