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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >A role for norepinephrine in the regulation of context-dependent ZENK expression in male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata).
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A role for norepinephrine in the regulation of context-dependent ZENK expression in male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata).

机译：去甲肾上腺素在调节雄性斑马雀（Taeniopygia guttata）的情境依赖性ZENK表达中的作用。

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Abstract Singing drives expression of the immediate-early gene ZENK in a context-dependent manner in certain nuclei within the avian song circuit of male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). ZENK mRNA expression is low when males are engaged in female- or male-directed song, but high during solo song. Neurotransmitter systems like catecholamines with diffuse projections to forebrain regions are good candidates for regulation of such context-dependent brain activity. We investigated whether the noradrenergic system regulates the dramatic switch in ZENK expression across contexts in male zebra finches. We systemically injected a noradrenergic neurotoxin N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride (DSP-4) and found a marked increase in the resultant ZENK expression in area X of the medial striatum in male zebra finches singing directed song. ZENK protein expression in saline-treated males across different contexts mirrored the pattern of previously reported ZENK mRNA expression. We corroborated DSP-4 specificity via immunohistochemical procedures for tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta hydroxylase, which revealed decreases in norepinephrine synthesizing nuclei and certain song control nuclei. Based on these results we propose a mechanism by which the noradrenergic system usually downregulates ZENK expression in area X during directed song. By depleting this system we induced a disruption of this regulation and reversion back to the default situation characterized by an increase in motor-driven ZENK expression in the song circuit. These data demonstrate that the noradrenergic system (probably in concert with other modulatory neurotransmitters) plays an important role in the response of the brain to salient events that occur in the context of a natural behavior - singing.
机译：摘要歌唱以雄性斑马雀（Taeniopygia guttata）的禽歌回路内的某些核以上下文相关方式驱动着早期基因ZENK的表达。当雄性参与雌性或雄性主导的歌曲时，ZENK mRNA表达较低，而在独奏中则较高。像儿茶酚胺这样的神经递质系统，具有向前脑区域的弥漫性投射，是调节这种背景相关的大脑活动的良好候选者。我们调查了在男性斑马雀科动物中，去甲肾上腺素能系统是否调节ZENK表达的急剧变化。我们系统地注射了去甲肾上腺素能神经毒素N-（2-氯乙基）-N-乙基-2-溴苄胺盐酸盐（DSP-4），发现雄性斑纹雀鸣叫的内侧纹状体X区域的ZENK表达明显增加歌曲。生理盐水处理过的男性在不同背景下的ZENK蛋白表达均反映了先前报道的ZENK mRNA表达的模式。我们通过酪氨酸羟化酶和多巴胺-β羟化酶的免疫组织化学程序证实了DSP-4的特异性，这揭示了去甲肾上腺素合成核和某些歌曲控制核的减少。基于这些结果，我们提出了一种机制，通过该机制，去甲肾上腺素能系统通常会在定向歌曲期间下调X区域的ZENK表达。通过耗尽该系统，我们引起了这种调节的中断，并恢复到默认情况，该默认情况的特征是歌曲电路中电机驱动的ZENK表达增加。这些数据表明，去甲肾上腺素能系统（可能与其他调节性神经递质协同作用）在大脑对自然行为（唱歌）中发生的显着事件的反应中起重要作用。

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