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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Forebrain projections to the hypothalamus are topographically organized in anurans: conservative traits as compared with amniotes.
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Forebrain projections to the hypothalamus are topographically organized in anurans: conservative traits as compared with amniotes.

机译：下丘脑的前脑投射在地形上是无环的：与羊膜动物相比，这是保守的特征。

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Abstract The organization of the forebrain in amphibians (anamniotes) is currently being re-evaluated in terms of evolution and several evidences have corroborated numerous traits shared by amphibians and amniotes, such as the organization of the basal ganglia and the amygdaloid complex. In the present study we have analysed the organization of forebrain afferent systems to the hypothalamus of the frog Rana perezi. In vivo and in vitro tract-tracing techniques with dextran amines and immunohistochemistry for localizing nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in a series of single or combined experiments were used as NOS labelling reveals hypothalamic afferents arising from the lateral amygdala and the combination allowed analysis of the relationship between fibers of different origins in the same section. The results showed a large segregation of afferents in the hypothalamic region depending on their site of origin in the forebrain. Four highly topographically organized prosencephalic tracts reaching the anuran hypothalamus were observed: (i) the medial forebrain bundle, from the medial pallium and septal complex; (ii) the caudal branch of the stria terminalis formed by fibers arising in the lateral and medial amygdala; (iii) part of the lateral forebrain bundle with fibers from the central amygdala and (iv) the dorsal thalamo-hypothalamic tract. Fibers coursing in each tract reach the hypothalamus and terminate in distinct fields. The resemblance in pattern of forebrain-hypothalamic organization between amphibians and amniotes suggests that this feature represents an important trait conserved in the evolution of all tetrapods and therefore essential for the hypothalamic function.
机译：摘要目前正在从进化的角度重新评估两栖动物（羊膜）的前脑组织，一些证据证实了两栖动物和羊膜动物共有的许多特征，例如基底神经节的组织和杏仁状复合体。在本研究中，我们分析了青蛙蛙蛙的下丘脑的前脑传入系统的组织。在一系列的单个或组合实验中，使用葡聚糖胺和免疫组化技术对一氧化氮合酶（NOS）进行定位的体内和体外尿道示踪技术被用作NOS标记，揭示了由侧杏仁体产生的下丘脑传入神经，并结合使用该技术可以分析同一部分中不同来源的纤维之间的关系。结果显示，取决于下丘脑区的传入点在前脑的起源部位，这些传入点存在较大的隔离。观察到四个高度地形良好的前脑束到达无头丘脑下丘脑：（i）内侧前脑束，来自内侧睑板和中隔复合体; （ii）纹状终末的尾状分支是由杏仁核的外侧和内侧产生的纤维形成的; （iii）外侧前脑束的一部分，中央杏仁核有纤维，以及（iv）丘脑-丘脑后丘脑束。在每个管道中流动的纤维到达下丘脑并终止于不同的区域。两栖动物和羊膜动物之间的前脑-下丘脑组织模式相似，表明该特征代表了所有四足动物进化过程中保守的重要特征，因此对下丘脑功能至关重要。

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