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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Ratio and time requirements on operant schedules: effort-related effects of nucleus accumbens dopamine depletions.
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Ratio and time requirements on operant schedules: effort-related effects of nucleus accumbens dopamine depletions.

机译：操作时间表上的比率和时间要求：伏伏核多巴胺耗竭的努力相关效应。

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Accumbens dopamine (DA) depletions produce deficits that are related to the ratio requirement of the operant schedule; however, it is also possible that time without reinforcement is a factor. The present study examined the effects of accumbens DA depletions in rats using variable interval (VI) schedules with additional fixed ratio (FR) requirements. Four VI schedules were used (VI 60/FR 1, VI 120/FR 1, VI 60/FR 10, VI 120/FR 10). Attachment of the additional work requirement increased response rates under control conditions. After surgery, there was no interaction between interval level (i.e. 60 vs. 120 s) and DA depletion, but there was a significant interaction between ratio requirement (i.e. 1 vs. 10) and DA depletion within the first week after surgery. DA depletions substantially impaired performance on the schedules with added FR 10 requirements, an effect that was largely dependent upon a reduction in fast responses (i.e. interresponse times less than 1.0 s). There was little effect of DA depletion on overall responding on VI 60/FR 1 and VI 120/FR 1 schedules. DA depletions also increased the tendency to take long pauses in responding (i.e. > 20.0 s), and this effect was evident across all schedules tested. Thus, accumbens DA depletions interact with work requirements and blunt the rate-enhancing effects of moderate size ratios, and also enhance the tendency to pause. Attachment of ratio requirements to interval schedules is a work-related response cost that provides a challenge to the organism, and DA in nucleus accumbens appears to be necessary for adapting to this challenge.
机译：积累的多巴胺（DA）消耗量与操作时间表的比率要求有关;但是，没有加强的时间也是一个因素。本研究使用可变间隔（VI）时间表和额外的固定比率（FR）要求检查了伏隔性DA耗竭对大鼠的影响。使用了四个VI计划（VI 60 / FR 1，VI 120 / FR 1，VI 60 / FR 10，VI 120 / FR 10）。在控制条件下，附加工作要求的增加提高了响应率。手术后，间隔水平（即60 vs. 120 s）与DA消耗之间没有交互作用，但是比率要求（即1 vs. 10）与DA消耗在术后第一周之间存在显着的交互作用。 DA耗尽会增加FR 10要求，从而严重影响进度表的性能，这种效果在很大程度上取决于快速响应（即响应时间小于1.0 s）的减少。 DA耗尽对VI 60 / FR 1和VI 120 / FR 1计划的总体响应影响很小。 DA耗竭也增加了在响应中长时间停顿的趋势（即> 20.0 s），并且这种影响在所有测试的时间表中都很明显。因此，大量的DA消耗与工作需求相互作用，使中等大小比率的速率增强效果变钝，并且还增加了停顿的趋势。将比率要求附加到间隔计划表上是与工作相关的响应成本，这给生物带来了挑战，伏隔核中的DA似乎是适应这一挑战所必需的。

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