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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >A novel neurotransmitter-independent communication pathway between axons and glial cells.
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A novel neurotransmitter-independent communication pathway between axons and glial cells.

机译：轴突和神经胶质细胞之间的新的神经递质独立的沟通途径。

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Recent studies have provided evidence that transmitters released by neurons can activate glial receptors and stimulate calcium signalling in glial cells. Glial calcium signalling, in turn, may affect neuronal performance such as long-term changes in synaptic efficacy. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a special glial cell type in vertebrates and insects and promote axon growth in the developing and mature nervous system. Physiological properties of OECs, however, have not been studied so far in detail. We measured changes in the calcium concentration in OECs of the moth Manduca sexta, in situ and in vivo. Electrical stimulation of olfactory receptor neurons in pupae or odour stimulation of receptor neurons in adults resulted in calcium transients in OECs. Olfactory receptor axons release acetylcholine; however, application of acetylcholine or other transmitters such as glutamate, GABA or nitric oxide did not induce calcium transients in OECs. Upon nerve stimulation, extracellular potassium rose byseveral millimolar as measured with potassium-sensitive microelectrodes. When potassium in the perfusion saline was increased from 4 to 10 mM or higher, voltage-dependent calcium transients in OECs that resembled stimulation-induced calcium transients were evoked. Blocking neuronal potassium channels with TEA reduced both the stimulation-induced increases in extracellular potassium and the calcium transients in OECs, whereas calcium transients in receptor axons were augmented. Our results show for the first time that accumulation of potassium, released by electrically active axons, is sufficient to evoke voltage-dependent calcium influx into glial cells, whereas neurotransmitters appear not to be involved in this neuron-glia communication in Manduca.
机译：最近的研究提供了证据，表明神经元释放的递质可以激活神经胶质受体并刺激神经胶质细胞中的钙信号传导。胶质钙信号反过来可能会影响神经元功能，例如突触功效的长期变化。嗅鞘细胞（OEC）是脊椎动物和昆虫中一种特殊的神经胶质细胞类型，可促进发育中和成熟的神经系统中轴突的生长。到目前为止，尚未对OEC的生理特性进行详细研究。我们在实地和体内测量了蛾类天蛾蛾OEC中钙浓度的变化。 stimulation中的嗅觉受体神经元的电刺激或成人受体神经元的气味刺激导致OEC中的钙瞬变。嗅觉受体轴突释放乙酰胆碱。但是，使用乙酰胆碱或其他传输剂（如谷氨酸，GABA或一氧化氮）不会在OEC中引起钙瞬变。神经刺激后，用钾敏感的微电极测量，细胞外钾上升了几个毫摩尔。当灌注盐水中的钾从4 mM增加到10 mM或更高时，会诱发类似于刺激引起的钙瞬变的OEC中电压依赖性钙瞬变。用TEA阻断神经元钾通道可减少刺激引起的细胞外钾增加和OEC中的钙瞬变，而受体轴突中的钙瞬变增加。我们的结果首次表明，电活性轴突释放的钾积累足以引起电压依赖性钙流入神经胶质细胞，而神经递质似乎不参与曼杜卡的这种神经元-神经胶质沟通。

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