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首页> 外文期刊>The European physical journal, E. Soft matter >Dynamics of quantum liquids in confinement, theory and experiment
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Dynamics of quantum liquids in confinement, theory and experiment

机译：量子液体动力学的局限性，理论与实验

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Liquid ~4He immersed in porous media such as aerogel, Vycor, and Geltech silica are excellent examples of bosons in disorder and confinement. Of special interest is the impact of disorder on Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), on the elementary excitations of the superfluid and on their connection to the superfluid properties. Indeed, the modifications induced by disorder can be used to reveal the interdependence of BEC, the excitations and superfluidity. To date, the superfluid properties in porous media are much more completely documented than BEC or the excitations. In this paper, we review measurements of the excitations by neutron scattering, focusing particularly on their temperature dependence and the existence of phonon-roton excitations at higher temperatures. The weight of single excitation response at higher temperatures suggests the existence of localized BEC above the superfluid-normal transition temperature in porous media. We sketch several recent predictions made for BEC, the excitations, and the superfluid properties in disorder. Connections with other "Dirty Bose systems" are made.
机译：液态〜4He浸入多孔介质（如气凝胶，Vycor和Geltech二氧化硅）中，是玻色子无序和禁闭的极好例子。特别令人关注的是无序对Bose-Einstein凝聚（BEC），超流体的基本激发及​​其与超流体特性的关系的影响。确实，由无序引起的修饰可以用来揭示BEC，激发和超流动性的相互依赖性。迄今为止，与BEC或激发相比，多孔介质中的超流体特性得到了更为完整的记录。在本文中，我们回顾了中子散射对激发的测量，尤其关注它们的温度依赖性以及在更高温度下声子-顿子激发的存在。较高温度下单次激发响应的权重表明，多孔介质中存在高于超流体-正常转变温度的局部BEC。我们概述了BEC，激发和无序中的超流体特性的几个近期预测。与其他“ Dirty Bose系统”建立连接。

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