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首页> 外文期刊>The Canadian Field-Naturalist >Kleptoparasitism by Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) as a Factor in Reducing Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) Predation on Dunlin (Calidris alpina) Wintering in British Columbia
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Kleptoparasitism by Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) as a Factor in Reducing Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) Predation on Dunlin (Calidris alpina) Wintering in British Columbia

机译：秃头鹰（Haliaeetus leucocephalus）造成的副瘫痪是减少不列颠哥伦比亚省Dunlin（Calidris alpina）越冬的游Per（Falco peregrinus）捕食的一个因素

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摘要

Kleptoparasitism, or food piracy, is common in a wide range of taxa, particularly among predators, with the larger species forcing smaller species to surrender their catch. The Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is known to rob Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) of just-caught prey. We present time series of kleptoparasitic interactions between eagles and peregrines hunting Dunlin (Calidris alpina) that were wintering at Boundary Bay in the Fraser River valley, British Columbia. In 1108 hours of observation during January, intermittently between 1994 and 2014,we recorded 667 sightings of Peregrine Falcons, including 817 attacks on Dunlin resulting in 120 captures. The population of wintering Bald Eagles in the study area increased from about 200 in 1994 to 1800 in 2014, while the rate of kleptoparasitism at the expense of peregrines increased from 0.05 to 0.20. The increase in the number of Bald Eagles coincided with a decline in January sightings of Peregrine Falcons, which suggests that some falcons may have left the study area because of interference from eagles. The decrease in Peregrine Falcon numbers can be expected to have led to reduced predation risk for Dunlins. Christmas Bird Counts conducted in the Fraser River Valley have underscored the fluctuation in eagle and peregrine numbers reported here.
机译：在各种各样的生物分类中，尤其是在掠食者中，常见的是寄生性寄生虫或食物盗版，较大的物种迫使较小的物种放弃捕获物。众所周知，白头鹰（Haliaeetus leucocephalus）抢劫了百富勤猎鹰（Falco peregrinus）的猎物。我们提出了在不列颠哥伦比亚省弗雷泽河谷边界湾越冬的猎鹰和游猎邓林（Calidris alpina）的游per之间的潜伏寄生相互作用的时间序列。在1994年至2014年间的1月份的1108小时观察中，我们记录了667头百富勤猎鹰的目击事件，包括对Dunlin的817次袭击，导致120人被捕。研究区越冬的白头鹰的数量从1994年的约200例增加到2014年的1800例，而以游eg为代价的头皮寄生病率从0.05上升到0.20。白头鹰的数量增加与1月份百富勤猎鹰的出没率下降同时出现，这表明一些猎鹰可能由于鹰的干扰而离开了研究区域。游eg猎鹰数量的减少有望减少邓林斯的捕食风险。在弗雷泽河谷进行的圣诞节鸟类盘点活动突显了这里报道的鹰和游per数量的波动。

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