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Molecular basis of glyphosate resistance - different approaches through protein engineering

机译：草甘膦抗性的分子基础-蛋白质工程学的不同方法

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摘要

Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl-glycine) is the most widely used herbicide in the world: glyphosate-based formulations exhibit broad-spectrum herbicidal activity with minimal human and environmental toxicity. The extraordinary success of this simple, small molecule is mainly attributable to the high specificity of glyphosate for the plant enzyme enolpyruvyl shikimate3-phosphate synthase in the shikimate pathway, leading to the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Starting in 1996, transgenic glyphosate-resistant plants were introduced, thus allowing application of the herbicide to the crop (post-emergence) to remove emerged weeds without crop damage. This review focuses on mechanisms of resistance to glyphosate as obtained through natural diversity, the gene-shuffling approach to molecular evolution, and a rational, structure-based approach to protein engineering. In addition, we offer a rationale for the means by which the modifications made have had their intended effect.
机译：草甘膦（N-膦酰基甲基甘氨酸）是世界上使用最广泛的除草剂：基于草甘膦的配方具有广谱的除草活性，对人类和环境的毒性最小。这种简单的小分子的巨大成功主要归因于草甘膦对sh草酸酯途径中植物酶烯醇式丙酮酸sh草酸酯3-磷酸合酶的高特异性，从而导致芳香族氨基酸的生物合成。从1996年开始，引入了抗草甘膦转基因植物，从而允许将除草剂施用到作物上（出苗后），以清除未出现的杂草而不会损害作物。这篇综述集中在通过自然多样性获得的对草甘膦的抗性机制，分子进化的基因改组方法以及对蛋白质工程的基于结构的合理方法。另外，我们为所做的修改产生了预期效果的方式提供了理论依据。

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