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首页> 外文期刊>The FEBS journal >Calcitonin in a protochordate, Ciona intestinalis - the prototype of the vertebrate calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide superfamily
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Calcitonin in a protochordate, Ciona intestinalis - the prototype of the vertebrate calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide superfamily

机译：降钙素原肠，Ciona intestinalis-脊椎动物降钙素/降钙素基因相关肽超家族的原型

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The calcitonin (CT)/CT gene-related peptides (CGRPs) constitute a large peptide family in vertebrates. However, no CT/CGRP superfamily members have so far been identified in invertebrates, and the evolutionary process leading to the diverse vertebrate CT/CGRP superfamily members remains unclear. In this study, we have identified an authentic invertebrate CT, Ci-CT, in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, which is the phylogenetically closest invertebrate chordate to vertebrates. The amino acid sequence of Ci-CT was shown to display high similarity to those of vertebrate CTs and to share CT consensus motifs, including the N-terminal circular region and C-terminal amidated proline. Furthermore, the Ci-CT gene was found to be the only Ciona CT/CGRP superfamily gene. Ci-CT also exhibited less potent, but significant, activation of the human CT receptor, as compared with salmon CT. Physiological analysis revealed that Ci-CT reduced the osteoclastic activity that is specific to vertebrate CTs. CD analysis demonstrated that Ci-CT weakly forms an l-helix structure. These results provide evidence that the CT/CGRP superfamily is essentially conserved in ascidians as well as in vertebrates, and indicate that Ci-CT is a prototype of vertebrate CT/CGRP superfamily members. Moreover, expression analysis demonstrated that Ci-CT is expressed in more organs than vertebrate CTs in the cognate organs, suggesting that an original CT/CGRP superfamily member gene was also expressed in multiple organs, and each CT/CGRP superfamily member acquired its current specific tissue distribution and physiological role concomitantly with diversification of the CT/CGRP superfamily during the evolution of chordates. This is the first report on a CT/CGRP superfamily member in invertebrates.
机译：降钙素（CT）/ CT基因相关肽（CGRP）构成脊椎动物中的一个大肽家族。然而，到目前为止，尚未在无脊椎动物中鉴定出CT / CGRP超家族成员，导致脊椎动物CT / CGRP超家族成员多样化的进化过程仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们在海鞘Ciona intestinalis中鉴定出了真实的无脊椎动物CT，Ci-CT，这是在进化上与脊椎动物最接近的无脊椎动物胆酸盐。已显示Ci-CT的氨基酸序列与脊椎动物CT的氨基酸序列显示出高度相似性，并共有CT共有基序，包括N末端的环形区域和C末端的酰胺化脯氨酸。此外，发现Ci-CT基因是唯一的Ciona CT / CGRP超家族基因。与鲑鱼CT相比，Ci-CT对人CT受体的激活作用也较低，但意义不明显。生理分析表明，Ci-CT降低了脊椎动物CT特有的破骨活性。 CD分析表明，Ci-CT弱形成l-螺旋结构。这些结果提供了证据，表明CT / CGRP超家族在海鞘以及脊椎动物中基本上是保守的，并且表明Ci-CT是脊椎动物CT / CGRP超家族成员的原型。此外，表达分析表明Ci-CT在同源器官中比脊椎动物CT表达的器官更多，这表明原始的CT / CGRP超家族成员基因也在多个器官中表达，并且每个CT / CGRP超家族成员都具有其当前的特异性。组织分布和生理作用伴随着CT / CGRP超家族在脊索动物进化过程中的多样化。这是有关无脊椎动物CT / CGRP超家族成员的第一份报告。

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