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Stimuli-responsive polymersomes for cancer therapy

机译：刺激反应性聚合物囊泡用于癌症治疗

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Cancer is the leading cause of mortality and remains a major challenge for modern chemotherapy. Recent advances in cancer therapy have made a modest impact on patient survival. Nanomedicine represents an innovative field with significant potential to improve cancer treatment. Nanomedicine utilizes numerous nanoconstructs, including polymersomes, micelles, and drug conjugates, to deliver therapeutic agents at the target site of interest. In particular, polymeric vesicles, also known as polymersomes, are self-assembled amphiphilic polymers in which an aqueous compartment is enclosed by a thick bilayer membrane. Unlike liposomes, polymersomes consist of high-molecular-weight amphiphilic polymer analogues. Since polymersomes are prepared using synthetic amphiphilic polymers, the bilayer membrane thickness can be readily altered by tuning the molecular weight of hydrophobic blocks. As a consequence, the polymersomes prepared from high-molecular-weight amphiphiles strengthen their membranes, making them inherently more stable than liposomes. The intriguing aggregation of polymersomes offers numerous advantages, including stability, tunable membrane properties, and the capability of encapsulating hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents. Owing to these properties, polymersomes are attractive candidates for various applications such as drug delivery, gene therapy, and tissue engineering. Although these properties have placed polymersomes at the forefront of drug delivery applications, to attain an enhanced therapeutic effect polymersomes are supposed to rapidly release the drug at the target site. To fulfill this requirement, stimuli-responsive polymersomes that respond to various internal or external stimuli have been developed. This review focuses on recently developed stimuli-responsive polymersomes and their potential application in cancer therapy.
机译：癌症是导致死亡的主要原因，并且仍然是现代化学疗法的主要挑战。癌症治疗的最新进展对患者的存活率影响不大。纳米医学代表了一个创新领域，具有改善癌症治疗的巨大潜力。纳米医学利用多种纳米结构，包括聚合物小体，胶束和药物结合物，在目标靶位点递送治疗剂。特别地，聚合物囊泡，也称为聚合物囊泡，是自组装的两亲聚合物，其中水性隔室被厚的双层膜包围。与脂质体不同，聚合物脂质体由高分子量两亲聚合物类似物组成。由于聚合物小体是使用合成的两亲性聚合物制备的，因此可以通过调节疏水性嵌段的分子量来轻松改变双层膜的厚度。结果，由高分子量两亲物制备的聚合物囊泡可增强其膜，使其固有地比脂质体更稳定。有趣的聚合体聚集体提供了许多优点，包括稳定性，可调的膜特性以及​​包封亲水剂和疏水剂的能力。由于这些特性，聚合物小体是诸如药物输送，基因治疗和组织工程等各种应用的有吸引力的候选者。尽管这些性质将聚合物小体置于药物递送应用的最前列，但是为了获得增强的治疗效果，应该认为聚合物小体可在目标部位迅速释放药物。为了满足该要求，已经开发了对各种内部或外部刺激产生响应的刺激响应性聚合物囊泡。这篇综述的重点是最近开发的刺激反应多聚体及其在癌症治疗中的潜在应用。

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