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首页> 外文期刊>The British journal of general practice: the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners >An A-Z of medical philosophy: R is for realism - Is our knowledge real or all in the mind?
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An A-Z of medical philosophy: R is for realism - Is our knowledge real or all in the mind?

机译：医学哲学的A-Z：R代表现实-我们的知识是真实的还是全部存在？

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摘要

Can we really know what the world as it is in itself is like? The theory that our knowledge represents states of affairs in the world as it is in itself is called 'realism'. The contrary position, that statements only tell us about the models in my mind rather than states of affairs in the world, is called 'anti-realism'. Science tends to make quite concrete claims (E = mc2, atoms are made of subatomic particles, Fe2+ + 20H~ => Fe(OH)2] and we tend to believe that these claims are capturing the truth about the world itself. Belief that our current knowledge accurately represents the world itself is termed naive realism. But perhaps naive realism is a mistake. After all we have no access to a God's eye view of the world to cross-check the truth of any statement that we make. Instrumentalism, a leading form of anti-realism, holds that believing successful theories must be true is a mistake.
机译：我们真的可以知道世界本身是什么样吗？我们的知识本身就代表着世界事务状态的理论被称为“现实主义”。相反的说法被称为“反现实主义”，即陈述仅告诉我们我心目中的模型，而不是世界事务的状态。科学倾向于提出非常具体的主张（E = mc2，原子由亚原子粒子构成，Fe2 + + 20H〜=> Fe（OH）2]，我们倾向于认为这些主张正在捕捉关于世界本身的真相。）我们目前的知识准确地代表了世界本身，被称为天真的现实主义，但也许天真的现实主义是一个错误。毕竟，我们无法以上帝的眼光看待世界，无法反驳我们所作任何陈述的真实性。反现实主义的主要形式，认为成功的理论必须是正确的是错误的。

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