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首页> 外文期刊>The Canadian journal of hospital pharmacy. >Use of Methadone for Opioid Weaning.in Children: Prescribing Practices and Trends
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Use of Methadone for Opioid Weaning.in Children: Prescribing Practices and Trends

机译：美沙酮在儿童阿片类药物断奶中的应用：处方做法和趋势

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Critically ill children are routinely treated with opioids to relieve pain, produce sedation, increase cooperation, and reduce metabolic demands. However, prolonged exposure to opioids followed by abrupt cessation frequently leads to opioid withdrawal syndrome. This syndrome is present in 35% to 57% of children who have received fentanyl by continuous infusion. It is characterized by a hyperadrenergic response following the abrupt reduction in opioid dosage, with clinical symptoms that include irritability, tremors, twitching, gastrointestinal disturbances, hypertension, and fever. The dose and duration of opioid use influence the development of opioid withdrawal symptoms. However, proper pharmacologic management of withdrawal is still controversial, and there is little evidence upon which to base recommendations regarding prevention, assessment, and management of withdrawal in critically ill children.
机译：危重症患儿通常接受阿片类药物治疗，以减轻疼痛，产生镇静作用，增强合作能力并减少代谢需求。然而，长时间暴露于阿片类药物后突然戒断常常导致阿片类药物戒断综合征。持续输注芬太尼的儿童中有35％至57％患有这种综合征。它的特征是突然减少阿片类药物剂量后出现高肾上腺素能反应，其临床症状包括烦躁，震颤，抽搐，胃肠道不适，高血压和发烧。阿片类药物的使用剂量和持续时间会影响阿片类药物戒断症状的发展。然而，对戒断的适当药理管理仍存在争议，几乎没有证据可为重症儿童的预防，评估和戒断提供依据。

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