When HIV-positive patients are critically ill and unable to take medications orally, administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) becomes challenging. The foremost issue is the lack of parenteral formulations and oral suspensions.1 Only limited clinical evidence direcdy addresses the conversion of antiretroviral drugs from the oral to the enteral route.2'7 Interruption of HAART is not an acceptable alternative, as this results in HIV viral rebound, immunodeficiency, opportunistic infections, and development of resistance to antiretroviral treatment. Altering die route of administration may affect the plasma concentration of antiretrovirals, which also affects clinical outcomes.2 For example, as described in one case report, a 28-year-old HIV-positive man witli diffuse large B cell-type lymphoma of the duodenum was taking the liquid or powder formulations of lopinavir—ritonavir, abacavir, and lamivudine (at standard adult doses) by oral ingestion, with suppression of the viral load to less tlian 400 copies/mL.
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机译：当HIV阳性患者重病且无法口服药物时，高抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）的管理就变得充满挑战。最主要的问题是缺乏肠胃外制剂和口服混悬剂。1只有有限的临床证据可以解决抗逆转录病毒药物从口服到肠内途径的转化。2'7中断HAART不能被接受，因为这会导致HIV病毒反弹，免疫缺陷，机会性感染以及对抗逆转录病毒治疗产生抗药性。改变给药途径可能会影响抗逆转录病毒药物的血药浓度，也影响临床结果。2例如，如一例病例报告所述，一名28岁的HIV阳性男性，其脑组织弥漫性大B细胞型淋巴瘤。十二指肠正在通过口服摄入洛匹那韦—利托那韦，阿巴卡韦和拉米夫定的液体或粉末制剂（成人标准剂量），并将病毒载量抑制在400 t / mL以下。
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