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首页> 外文期刊>The Canadian journal of clinical pharmacology =: Journal canadien de pharmacologie clinique >Depression during pregnancy: Rates, risks and consequences
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Depression during pregnancy: Rates, risks and consequences

机译：怀孕期间的抑郁症：发生率，风险和后果

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摘要

Affective illness is common in women, and the puerperium is a time of particular vulnerability. Gender differences in the expression of affective disorders have been attributed to the impact of hormonal influence, socialization, and genetics. Dramatic fluctuations in gonadal hormones that occur following childbirth, influences the increased incidence of mood disorders during this time. Numerous tools including the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale can be used to screen for depression during pregnancy and postpartum. While screening tools may assist with appropriately identifying women who should be further assessed, their use alone does not significantly increase treatment seeking in women, even when their providers are notified about risk. Many studies demonstrate that only a small number (18%) of women who meet criteria for major depressive disorder seek treatment during pregnancy and postpartum. Additionally, common symptoms of depression (sleep, energy and appetite change) may be misinterpreted as normative experiences ofpregnancy. Treatment engagement is important as untreated depression during pregnancy may have unfavorable outcomes for both women and children. Complications of pregnancy associated with depression include: inadequate weight gain, under utilization of prenatal care, increased substance use, and premature birth. Human studies demonstrate that perceived life-event stress, as well as depression and anxiety predicted lower birth weight, decreased Apgar scores, and smaller head circumference, and small for gestational age babies. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common clinical disorder occurring in 15% of deliveries, making it one of the most frequent conditions to complicate pregnancy. Risk factors include past personal or family history of depression, sing marital status, poor health functioning, lower SES, and alcohol use. Women who have a prior history of postpartum depression, particularly with features of bipolarity or psychosis may be at particularly high risk.
机译：情感疾病在女性中很常见，而产褥期则是特别脆弱的时期。情感障碍表达的性别差异已归因于激素影响，社会化和遗传学的影响。分娩后发生的性腺激素的剧烈波动会影响这段时期情绪障碍的发生率。包括爱丁堡产后抑郁量表在内的多种工具可用于筛查妊娠和产后抑郁症。尽管筛查工具可能有助于适当地识别应进一步评估的妇女，但即使告知其提供者有风险，仅使用这些工具也不会显着增加对妇女的寻求治疗。许多研究表明，只有少数（18％）符合重度抑郁症标准的妇女在怀孕和产后寻求治疗。此外，抑郁症的常见症状（睡眠，精力和食欲变化）可能被误解为怀孕的正常经历。参与治疗很重要，因为怀孕期间未经治疗的抑郁症对妇女和儿童都有不利的后果。与抑郁症相关的妊娠并发症包括：体重增加不足，未充分利用产前保健，药物使用增加和早产。人体研究表明，感知到的生活事件压力以及抑郁和焦虑可预测出生体重降低，Apgar得分降低，头围较小，并且对于胎龄婴儿较小。产后抑郁症（PPD）是一种常见的临床疾病，发生在分娩的15％中，使其成为使妊娠复杂化最频繁的条件之一。危险因素包括过去的个人或家庭抑郁史，婚姻状况，健康状况不佳，SES降低和饮酒。曾有产后抑郁史的妇女，特别是患有躁郁症或精神病的妇女可能处于特别高的风险中。

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