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首页> 外文期刊>The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences >Status and cost of raising replacement dairy heifers in rural, rural commercial and peri-urban areas of Punjab
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Status and cost of raising replacement dairy heifers in rural, rural commercial and peri-urban areas of Punjab

机译：在旁遮普邦的农村，农村商业区和城郊地区饲养替代奶牛的现状和成本

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The present study was conducted to investigate the current status of heifers at rural, rural commercial and peri-urban commercial dairy farms. The average number of buffalo and cow heifers per dairy farm was significantly more in peri-urban and rural commercial than in rural farms. The average age at puberty in buffaloes (3.0 +/- 0.2 years) and cows (1.9 +/- 0.3 years) was significantly less in rural commercial farms as compared to their rural (4.1 +/- 0.3 and 2.8 +/- 0.2 years) and peri-urban counterparts (3.6 +/- 0.2 and 2.4 +/- 0.2 years, respectively). The net costs of pre-weaned, weaned to prepubertal, pubertal and first calvers was significantly higher in rural commercial than rural and peri-urban farms. However, average cost (Rupees) to rear a heifer until first calving was significantly more in peri-urban than in rural and rural commercial farms. Most farmers (84.8% rural commercial, 81.3% peri-urban commercial and 61.3% rural) were interested in keeping the animals solely for milk production. About 89.1% rural commercial, 61.3% rural and 35.9% peri-urban farmers sold their livestock to other farmers because of low milk yield, high rearing cost, productive and reproductive problems. In comparison, disposal of animals for slaughter by rural commercial, rural and peri-urban commercial farmers was 10.9%, 38.7% and 64.1%, respectively. Few people still preferred in keeping old and infertile animals (11.3% rural, 8.7% rural commercial and 17.2% peri-urban commercial) due to sentimental approach. It can thus be summarized that heifer raising is practiced in all the three types of farms, although, cost of rearing is higher in the peri-urban ones.
机译：本研究旨在调查农村，农村商业和郊区商业奶牛场的小母牛的现状。在城郊和农村商业区，每个奶牛场的水牛和母牛小母牛的平均数量明显多于农村农场。农村商业化农场的水牛（3.0 +/- 0.2岁）和母牛（1.9 +/- 0.3岁）的青春期平均年龄显着低于农村（4.1 +/- 0.3和2.8 +/- 0.2岁） ）和城市周边地区（分别为3.6 +/- 0.2岁和2.4 +/- 0.2岁）。在农村商业中，断奶前，断奶至青春前，青春期和初生犊牛的净成本明显高于农村和城郊农场。然而，在郊区，小母牛直到第一次产犊的平均成本（卢比）比农村和农村商业农场高得多。大部分农民（84.8％的农村商业，81.3％的城市郊区商业和61.3％的农村商业）都对饲养这些动物专门用于牛奶生产感兴趣。由于牛奶产量低，饲养成本高，生产和生殖问题，约有89.1％的农村商业，61.3％的农村和35.9％的城郊农民将牲畜卖给了其他农民。相比之下，农村商业农民，农村商业农民和城郊商业农民屠宰的动物分别占10.9％，38.7％和64.1％。由于情感上的原因，仍然很少有人喜欢饲养年老的和不育的动物（农村地区为11.3％，农村地区为8.7％，城市周边地区为17.2％）。因此，可以总结出，尽管在城郊农场的饲养成本都较高，但在所有三种类型的农场都进行了小母牛饲养。

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