Adolescents constitute nearly 20% of the world's population and approximately 85% live in the world's resource-constrained low- and lower-middle-income countries. Adolescence (10-19 years) is the life phase between childhood and adulthood, during which major developmental changes occur across physical, cognitive, emotional and interpersonal spheres.The physical, psychological and social changes experienced during adolescence have consequences for adolescents' health and wellbeing. Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological model of human development is that it is governed by the repeated interactions between the individual and the people, institutions, communities and cultural traditions in their environment. The quality and number of these interactions are powerful determinants of developmental progress. The most powerful are those that are closest or 'proximal' to the individual: the family, the school, and the local neighbourhood and community.
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