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首页> 外文期刊>The International journal of drug policy >Balancing benefits and harm: Chemical use and bodily transformation among Indonesia's transgender waria
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Balancing benefits and harm: Chemical use and bodily transformation among Indonesia's transgender waria

机译：权衡利弊：印度尼西亚跨性别战争中的化学使用和身体转型

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Background: Members of Indonesia's diverse male-to-female transgender community often describe themselves as waria. Waria do not equate being feminine with being female. They do not want to be women; they aspire to be like women. It entails cultivating mannerisms and wearing make-up and women's clothes, shaving one's legs and styling one's hair. But some go further in their practices of self-administered, chemically assisted bodily transformation. Methods: Field research took place in Makassar, the capital city of South Sulawesi; in a smaller town in the regency of Bulukumba on the south coast of Sulawesi; and in the special region of Yogyakarta in Java. Data were collected through repeated in-depth interviews with ten waria youths aged between 18 and 26 in each site; interviews with pharmacists, drug and cosmetics store clerks; three focus group discussions at each site; and participant observation. Results: Our respondents saw their bodies as 'projects' they can manipulate with pharmaceutical products and cosmetics. To lighten their skin, they experimented with different brands of exfoliating liquid, whitening cream, powder, foundation, face soap and skin scrub. To grow breasts and reduce muscle mass, they experimented with different brands and dosages of contraceptive pills and injections in order to get faster, better and longer-lasting results. Conclusion: Harm reduction programs often neglect chemicals that are not narcotics, not related to sexually transmitted infections, and which are legally and freely available. Safety issues arise when otherwise safe products are used off-label in large quantities. Drug policy-makers are paying insufficient attention to the safety of cosmetics.
机译：背景：印度尼西亚多元化的男女跨性别社区成员经常称自己为战争狂人。 Waria并不等同于女性和女性。他们不想成为女人。他们渴望像女人一样。它需要培养举止高尚，穿着化妆和女士服装，刮腿和造型头发。但是有些人在自我管理的化学辅助身体转化的实践中走得更远。方法：在南苏拉威西省首府望加锡进行现场研究。在苏拉威西岛南海岸的布卢坎巴摄政区的一个小城镇里;并位于爪哇日惹的特殊地区。通过对每个地点的十名年龄在18至26岁之间的waria青年进行反复深入访谈，收集了数据;采访药剂师，药品和化妆品店员;每个站点进行三个焦点小组讨论;和参与者的观察。结果：我们的受访者将他们的身体视为可以与药品和化妆品配合使用的“项目”。为了减轻皮肤的负担，他们尝试了各种品牌的去角质液，美白霜，粉末，粉底，洗脸皂和皮肤磨砂膏。为了增加乳房并减少肌肉质量，他们尝试了不同品牌和剂量的避孕药和注射剂，以期获得更快，更好和更持久的效果。结论：减少危害的计划通常会忽略与麻醉品无关，与性传播感染无关的合法可免费获得的化学物质。如果大量使用非标签的安全产品，则会出现安全问题。毒品政策制定者对化妆品的安全性关注不足。

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