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首页> 外文期刊>The International journal of drug policy >Medical Marijuana programs: Implications for cannabis control policy - Observations from Canada
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Medical Marijuana programs: Implications for cannabis control policy - Observations from Canada

机译：医用大麻计划：大麻控制政策的意义-加拿大的观察

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While prohibition has been the dominant regime of cannabis control in most countries for decades, an increasing number of countries have been implementing cannabis control reforms recently, including decriminalization or even legalization frameworks. Canada has held out from this trend, although it has among the highest cannabis use rates in the world. Cannabis use is universally criminalized, and the current (conservative) federal government has vowed not to implement any softening reforms to cannabis control. As a result of several higher court decisions, the then federal government was forced to implement a 'medical marijuana access regulations' program in 2001 to allow severely ill patients therapeutic use and access to therapeutic cannabis while shielding them from prosecution. The program's regulations and approval processes were complex and subject to extensive criticism; initial uptake was low and most medical marijuana users continued their use and supply outside the program's auspices. This year, the government introduced new 'marijuana for medical purposes regulations', which allow physicians to 'authorize' medical marijuana use for virtually any health condition for which this is considered beneficial; supply is facilitated by licensed commercial producers. It is expected that some 500,000 users, and dozens of commercial producers will soon be approved under the program, arguably constituting - as with medical marijuana schemes elsewhere, e.g. in California - de facto 'legalization'. We discuss the question whether the evolving scope and realities of 'medical cannabis' provisions in Canada offer a 'sneaky side door' or a 'better third way' to cannabis control reform, and what the potential wider implications are of these developments. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.
机译：几十年来，禁令一直是大多数国家控制大麻的主要制度，但最近有越来越多的国家正在实施大麻控制改革，包括非刑事化甚至合法化框架。尽管加拿大拥有世界上最高的大麻使用率，但加拿大仍未摆脱这一趋势。普遍将使用大麻定为刑事犯罪，现任（保守）联邦政府已誓言不对大麻控制进行任何软化改革。由于上级法院的几项裁决，当时的联邦政府被迫在2001年实施“医用大麻获取法规”计划，以允许重病患者进行治疗，并获得治疗性大麻，同时保护他们免受起诉。该计划的规章和批准程序很复杂，并受到广泛的批评。最初的摄取量很低，大多数医用大麻使用者在计划的赞助范围之外继续使用和供应大麻。今年，政府出台了新的“医用大麻法规”，该法规允许医生“授权”医用大麻用于几乎任何认为对人体有益的健康状况;有执照的商业生产商促进了供应。预计该计划将很快批准约500,000个用户和数十个商业生产商，与其他地方的医用大麻计划一样，可以说构成了该计划。在加利福尼亚-实际上是“合法化”。我们讨论的问题是，加拿大“医用大麻”规定的不断变化的范围和现实是否为大麻控制改革提供了“偷偷摸摸的侧门”或“更好的第三种方式”，以及这些发展的潜在更广泛含义是什么。 （C）2014由Elsevier B.V.发布

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