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首页> 外文期刊>The International journal of drug policy >Why small-scale cannabis growers stay small: Five mechanisms that prevent small-scale growers from going large scale
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Why small-scale cannabis growers stay small: Five mechanisms that prevent small-scale growers from going large scale

机译：为何小规模大麻种植者保持小规模：防止小规模种植者大规模种植的五种机制

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摘要

Background: Over the past 15-20 years, domestic cultivation of cannabis has been established in a number of European countries. New techniques have made such cultivation easier; however, the bulk of growers remain small-scale. In this study, we explore the factors that prevent small-scale growers from increasing their production. Methods: The study is based on 1 year of ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative interviews conducted with 45 Norwegian cannabis growers, 10 of whom were growing on a large-scale and 35 on a small-scale. Results: The study identifies five mechanisms that prevent small-scale indoor growers from going large-scale. First, large-scale operations involve a number of people, large sums of money, a high work-load and a high risk of detection, and thus demand a higher level of organizational skills than for small growing operations. Second, financial assets are needed to start a large 'grow-site'. Housing rent, electricity, equipment and nutrients are expensive. Third, to be able to sell large quantities of cannabis, growers need access to an illegal distribution network and knowledge of how to act according to black market norms and structures. Fourth, large-scale operations require advanced horticultural skills to maximize yield and quality, which demands greater skills and knowledge than does small-scale cultivation. Fifth, small-scale growers are often embedded in the 'cannabis culture', which emphasizes anti-commercialism, anti-violence and ecological and community values. Hence, starting up large-scale production will imply having to renegotiate or abandon these values. Conclusion: Going from small- to large-scale cannabis production is a demanding task-ideologically, technically, economically and personally. The many obstacles that small-scale growers face and the lack of interest and motivation for going large-scale suggest that the risk of a 'slippery slope' from small-scale to large-scale growing is limited. Possible political implications of the findings are discussed.
机译：背景：在过去的15-20年中，许多欧洲国家已经建立了国内大麻种植基地。新技术使这种耕种变得容易。但是，大多数种植者仍然是小规模的。在这项研究中，我们探讨了阻止小规模种植者增加产量的因素。方法：该研究是基于对45名挪威大麻种植者进行的为期1年的民族志田野调查和定性访谈而进行的，其中10名大规模种植大麻，35名小规模种植大麻。结果：该研究确定了阻止小型室内种植者大规模种植的五种机制。首先，大规模行动涉及大量人员，大量资金，高工作量和高发现风险，因此，与规模较小的成长行动相比，需要更高的组织技能。其次，需要金融资产来启动大型的“增长点”。住房租金，电费，设备和养分昂贵。第三，要能够销售大量大麻，种植者需要使用非法的分销网络，并且需要了解如何根据黑市规范和结构行事。第四，大规模作业需要先进的园艺技术，以最大限度地提高产量和质量，这比小型耕作需要更多的技能和知识。第五，小规模种植者经常被嵌入“大麻文化”中，这种文化强调反商业主义，反暴力以及生态和社区价值。因此，开始大规模生产将意味着必须重新谈判或放弃这些价值。结论：从小规模大麻生产向大规模大麻生产在思想上，技术上，经济上和个人上都是一项艰巨的任务。小规模种植者面临的许多障碍以及缺乏对大规模种植的兴趣和动力，这表明从小规模种植到大规模种植的“滑坡”风险有限。讨论结果可能的政治意义进行了讨论。

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