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首页> 外文期刊>The international journal of developmental biology >Experimental study of early olfactory neuron differentiation and nerve formation using quail-chick chimeras
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Experimental study of early olfactory neuron differentiation and nerve formation using quail-chick chimeras

机译：鹌鹑鸡嵌合体早期嗅觉神经元分化和神经形成的实验研究

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For the formation of a functional olfactory system, the key processes are neuronal differentiation, including the expression of one or the other olfactory receptors, the correct formation of the nerve and organization of periphero-central connections. These processes take place during embryonic development starting from early stages. Consequently, avian embryos afford an attractive model to study these mechanisms. Taking advantage of species-specific equipment of olfactory receptors genes indifferent bird species, interspecific avian chimeras were set up by grafting early chick olfactory placodes in same stage quail embryos. Their analysis was performed using different complementary approaches. In situ hybridisation using probes to different chick olfactory receptor (COR) genes indicated that the choice of expression of an olfactory receptor by a neuron is independent of the environment of the olfactory placode and of interactions with the central nervous system. Futhermore, a chick olfactory receptor gene subgroup (COR3), absent in the host genome, was expressed by neurons from the graft. The question was then raised of the consequences of such heterospecific differentiation on axonal projections and fiber convergence. The Dil labeling of olfactory fibres in chimeras revealed anomalies in the formation of the nerve from the chick graft. In agreement with the hypothesis of olfactory receptor (OR) involvement in axonal guidance and periphero-central synapse organisation, the presence of migrating cells and axonal fibres from the graft, expressing foreign ORs and having different interactions with the host environment than the host fibres and migrating cells, might explain these anomalies.
机译：对于功能性嗅觉系统的形成，关键过程是神经元分化，包括一种或另一种嗅觉受体的表达，神经的正确形成以及外周-中枢连接的组织。这些过程发生在胚胎发育的早期阶段。因此，禽类胚胎提供了一个有吸引力的模型来研究这些机制。利用异种鸟类嗅觉受体基因的种属特异性设备，通过在同阶段鹌鹑胚胎中移植早期雏鸡嗅觉平台来建立种间禽嵌合体。他们的分析是使用不同的补充方法进行的。使用针对不同的鸡嗅觉受体（COR）基因的探针进行原位杂交表明，神经元对嗅觉受体表达的选择与嗅觉斑块的环境以及与中枢神经系统的相互作用无关。此外，宿主基因组中不存在的小鸡嗅觉受体基因亚组（COR3）由来自移植物的神经元表达。然后提出了这样的异种分化对轴突投射和纤维融合的后果的问题。嵌合体中嗅觉纤维的Dil标记显示了来自小鸡移植物的神经形成异常。与嗅觉受体（OR）参与轴突引导和外周中心突触组织的假设相一致，移植物中存在迁移细胞和轴突纤维，它们表达异源OR，并且与宿主环境的相互作用不同于宿主纤维和迁移细胞，可能解释了这些异常。

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