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首页> 外文期刊>The International journal of drug policy >Capitalising upon political opportunities to reform drug policy: A case study into the development of the Australian 'Tough on Drugs-Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative'
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Capitalising upon political opportunities to reform drug policy: A case study into the development of the Australian 'Tough on Drugs-Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative'

机译：抓住政治机会改革毒品政策：以澳大利亚“严厉打击毒品-非法毒品转移计划”为例

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Background: The introduction of political "war on drug" strategies and Prime Ministerial advisory groups increase opportunities for drug policy reform. Yet the strengths and limitations of capitalising upon political opportunities remain unclear. This paper provides a unique insight into the development of an Australian reform, the "Tough on Drugs-Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative." This reform was one of the major policies to emerge out of the Federal Coalition "Tough on Drugs" strategy. In spite of the rhetoric the Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative (IDDI) has diverted minor drug users away from the traditional criminal justice system. Methods: This paper draws upon interviews with 16 expert policy makers involved in the advocacy and negotiations leading up to the adoption of the IDDI to examine what drove the reform and how and why a pragmatic reform emerged. Results: The IDDI culminated from the presence of five main drivers: a crisis in relation to heroin and crime, antagonism towards the government, a weak but growing evidence-base on the merits of drug diversion, a shift in law enforcement attitudes and persuasive advocacy by a group of non-government experts. This paper contends that the Prime Minister's new "Tough on Drugs" strategy and expanded governance arrangements created new space for policy actors to intervene in the policy formulation process and to convert the governments proposed "zero tolerance" response into a more humane and potentially effective response. Conclusion: This paper concludes that contrary to popular opinion political venues and politicisation may offer valuable opportunities for drug policy reform. The challenge for researchers and policy advocates is to see how they can best utilise political venues to obtain pragmatic reform.
机译：背景：政治“禁毒战争”战略和总理顾问小组的出台增加了毒品政策改革的机会。然而，利用政治机会的优势和局限性尚不清楚。本文为澳大利亚改革的发展提供了独特的见解，即“严厉打击毒品-非法药物转移计划”。这项改革是从联邦联盟“严厉打击毒品”战略中脱颖而出的主要政策之一。尽管发表了种种言论，非法毒品转移倡议（IDDI）还是使未成年人吸毒者脱离了传统的刑事司法系统。方法：本文通过对参与倡导和谈判的16位专家决策者进行访谈，最终通过了IDDI，以研究推动改革的因素以及进行务实改革的方式和原因。结果：IDDI的出现主要归因于以下五个主要驱动因素：与海洛因和犯罪有关的危机，对政府的对抗，基于毒品转移的优点的证据薄弱但不断增长的证据，执法态度的转变和有说服力的主张由一群非政府专家组成。本文认为，总理的新“强硬禁毒”战略和扩大的治理安排为政策参与者干预政策制定过程和将政府提出的“零容忍”应对转变为更人道和可能有效的应对创造了新空间。 。结论：本文得出的结论是，与民意相反的政治场所和政治化可能为毒品政策改革提供宝贵的机会。研究人员和政策倡导者面临的挑战是，看他们如何才能最好地利用政治场所来进行务实的改革。

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