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Diagnostic Biomarkers for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Promising Horizons from Translational Neuroscience Research

机译：创伤后应激障碍的诊断生物标志物：转化神经科学研究的有前途的视野

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摘要

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous disorder that affects individuals exposed to trauma (e.g., combat, interpersonal violence, and natural disasters). Although its diagnostic features have been recently reclassified with the emergence of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, the disorder remains characterized by hyperarousal, intrusive reminders of the trauma, avoidance of trauma-related cues, and negative cognition and mood. This heterogeneity indicates the presence of multiple neurobiological mechanisms underlying the etiology and maintenance of PTSD. Translational research spanning the past few decades has revealed several potential avenues for the identification of diagnostic biomarkers for PTSD. These include, but are not limited to, monoaminergic transmitter systems, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, metabolic hormonal pathways, inflammatory mechanisms, psychophysiological reactivity, and neural circuits. The current review provides an update to the literature with regard to the most promising putative PTSD biomarkers, with specific emphasis on the interaction between neurobiological influences on disease risk and symptom progression. Such biomarkers will most likely be identified by multi-dimensional models derived from comprehensive descriptions of molecular, neurobiological, behavioral, and clinical phenotypes.
机译：创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是一种异质性疾病，会影响遭受创伤（例如战斗，人际暴力和自然灾害）的个人。尽管其诊断功能最近随着《精神疾病诊断和统计手册》（第五版）的出现而重新分类，但该疾病的特征仍然是过度兴奋，创伤性提示，避免与创伤有关的线索以及负面的认知和情绪。这种异质性表明存在多种神经生物学机制，这些机制是PTSD的病因和维持的基础。在过去的几十年中，转化研究发现了几种潜在的鉴定PTSD诊断生物标志物的途径。这些包括但不限于单胺能递质系统，下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴，代谢激素途径，炎症机制，心理生理反应性和神经回路。本综述提供了有关最有希望的PTSD生物标志物的文献更新，特别着重于对疾病风险和症状发展的神经生物学影响之间的相互作用。此类生物标志物很可能会通过从分子，神经生物学，行为和临床表型的全面描述中获得的多维模型来识别。

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