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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Microtubules and microfilaments are both responsible for pollen tube elongation in the conifer Picea abies (Norway spruce)
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Microtubules and microfilaments are both responsible for pollen tube elongation in the conifer Picea abies (Norway spruce)

机译：针叶树云杉（云杉）中的微管和微丝都负责花粉管的伸长。

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In Picea abies (Norway spruce), microtubules and actin microfilaments both form a dense matrix throughout the tube mainly parallel to the direction of elongation. In these conifer pollen tubes the organization of this matrix is different from that in angiosperms. This study tests our hypothesis that differences in cytoskeletal organization are responsible for differences in tube growth and physiology. Pollen grains were germinated in media containing cytoskeletal disrupters and analyzed for germination, tube length, tube branching, and tip swelling. Disruption of microtubules significantly inhibits tube elongation and induces tube branching and tip swelling. Tip swelling is probably caused by disruption of the microtubules in the tip that are perpendicular to the direction of elongation. Confocal microscopy indicates that colchicine and propyzamide cause fragmentation of microtubules throughout the tube. Oryzalin and amiprophosmethyl cause a complete loss of microtubules from the tip back toward the tube midpoint but leave microtubules intact from the midpoint back to the grain. Disruption of microfilaments by cytochalasins B and D and inhibition of myosin by N-ethylmaleimide or 2,3-butanedione monoxime slops tube growth and inhibits germination. Microfilament disruption induces short branches in tubes, probably originating from defective microfilament organization behind the tip. In addition, confocal microscopy coupled with microinjection of fluorescein-labeled phalloidin into actively growing pollen tubes indicates that microfilament bundles extend into the plastid-free zone at the tip but are specifically excluded from the growing tip. We conclude that microtubules and microfilaments coordinate to drive tip extension in conifer pollen tubes in a model that differs from angiosperms. [References: 57]
机译：在云杉（挪威云杉）中，微管和肌动蛋白微丝都在整个试管中形成致密的基质，主要平行于伸长方向。在这些针叶树花粉管中，这种基质的组织不同于被子植物。这项研究检验了我们的假设，即细胞骨架组织的差异是造成管生长和生理差异的原因。花粉粒在含有细胞骨架破坏剂的培养基中发芽，并分析其发芽，管长，管分支和尖端肿胀。微管破裂会显着抑制管的伸长，并引起管分支和尖端肿胀。尖端肿胀可能是由于垂直于延伸方向的尖端微管破裂所致。共聚焦显微镜检查表明秋水仙碱和丙嗪酰胺导致整个管中的微管碎裂。 Oryzalin和氨丙甲基导致微管从尖端向管中点完全丢失，但使微管从中点回到谷物完整无损。细胞松弛素B和D破坏微丝并被N-乙基马来酰亚胺或2,3-丁二酮单肟抑制肌球蛋白使管生长倾斜并抑制发芽。微丝的破坏会引起试管中的短分支，这可能是由于尖端后面的微丝组织缺陷所致。此外，共聚焦显微镜与荧光素标记的鬼笔环肽显微注射到活跃生长的花粉管中表明，微丝束延伸到尖端的无质体区，但特别地从生长的尖端中排除。我们得出的结论是，在与被子植物不同的模型中，微管和微丝协同作用以驱动针叶花粉管中的尖端延伸。 [参考：57]

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