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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Cytoskeletal organization of the micropylar endosperm in Coronopus didymus L. (Brassicaceae)
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Cytoskeletal organization of the micropylar endosperm in Coronopus didymus L. (Brassicaceae)

机译：冠冕天牛（Coronopus didymus L.）（芸苔科）的小孔胚乳胚乳的细胞骨架组织

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The micropylar chamber of the mustard Coronopus didymus is a developmental domain distinct from the contiguous central chamber and the more extreme chalazal chamber. Early in syncytial development the micropylar endosperm surrounding the embryo becomes populated with unusual fusiform to multilobed nuclei. These nuclei are sheathed by unique parallel arrays of microtubules that focus at tips of the nuclei and flare to connect with a reticulate network in the common cytoplasm. F-actin does not closely invest the nuclei but instead forms an extensive but separate cytoplasmic reticulum. When the embryo is in the early heart stage, the cytoskeleton of the endosperm undergoes a remarkable transition in preparation for cellularization. Microtubules become reorganized into radial arrays emanating from the nuclei, which themselves become spherical. Radial microtubule systems (RMSs), which replace both the parallel microtubules and the cytoplasmic reticulum, organize the common cytoplasm into evenly spaced nuclear cytoplasmic domains (NCDs). F-actin gradually becomes coaligned with the RMSs. Phragmoplasts are initiated adventitiously at the interfaces of opposing RMSs in the absence of mitosis. Cell plate deposition, which is initiated at multiple sites, results in a network of walls formed more or less simultaneously around the densely packed NCDs. The walls, which are rich in 1-3-beta-glucans, join with one another and with the existing walls of both the central cell and embryo to complete cellularization in the micropylar chamber. In the adjacent central chamber where the syncytium is restricted to a thin peripheral layer by the large central vacuole, basic organization of the syncytium into NCDs is followed by alternating cycles of alveolation and periclinal cell division resulting in cellularization. [References: 19]
机译：芥菜冠冕天蛾的孔洞室是一个发育区域，与连续的中央室和更极端的睑板腔不同。在合胞体发育的早期，围绕着胚胎的毛孔胚乳被不寻常的梭形到多叶核所占据。这些细胞核被独特的平行排列的微管包裹着，这些微管聚焦在细胞核和火炬的尖端，与普通细胞质中的网状网络连接。 F-肌动蛋白并没有紧密地作用于细胞核，而是形成了一个广泛而独立的细胞质网。当胚胎处于心脏的早期阶段时，胚乳的细胞骨架经历了明显的过渡，准备细胞化。微管重新组织成从核发出的放射状阵列，它们本身变成球形。径向微管系统（RMS）代替了平行的微管和细胞质网，将共同的细胞质组织成均匀间隔的核细胞质结构域（NCD）。 F-肌动蛋白逐渐与RMS保持一致。在没有有丝分裂的情况下，原生质膜在相对的RMS的界面上不定地引发。在多个位置开始的细胞板沉积会导致在密集堆积的NCD周围或多或少同时形成的壁网络。富含1-3-β-葡聚糖的壁彼此结合，并与中央细胞和胚胎的现有壁结合，以完成在孔洞中的细胞化。在相邻的中央室中，合胞体被大的中央液泡限制在薄的外围层，合胞体基本组织成NCD，随后交替发生肺泡形成和周缘细胞分裂，从而导致细胞化。 [参考：19]

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