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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Microfilaments and microtubules control the shape, motility, and subcellular distribution of cortical mitochondria in characean internodal cells
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Microfilaments and microtubules control the shape, motility, and subcellular distribution of cortical mitochondria in characean internodal cells

机译：微丝和微管控制characean节间细胞中皮质线粒体的形状，运动性和亚细胞分布

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摘要

The shape, motility, and subcellular distribution of mitochondria in characean internodal cells were studied by visualizing fluorescent dyes with confocal laser scanning microscopy and conducting drug-inhibitor experiments. Shape, size, number, and distribution of mitochondria varied according to the growth status and the metabolic activity within the cell. Vermiform (sausage-shaped), disc-, or amoeba-like mitochondria were present in elongating internodes, whereas very young cells and older cells that had completed growth contained short, rodlike organelles only. Mitochondria were evenly distributed and passively transported in the streaming endoplasm. In the cortex, mitochondria were sandwiched between the plasma membrane and the stationary chloroplast files and distributed in relation to the pattern of pH banding. Highest mitochondrial densities were found at the acid, photosynthetically more active regions, whereas the alkaline sites contained fewer and smaller mitochondria. In the cortex of elongating cells, small mitochondria moved slowly along microtubules or actin filaments. The shape and motility of giant mitochondria depended on the simultaneous interaction with both cytoskeletal systems. There was no microtubule-dependent motility in the cortex of nonelongating mature cells and mitochondria only occasionally travelled along actin filaments. These observations suggest that mitochondria of characean internodes possess motor proteins for microtubules and actin filaments, both of which can be used either as tracks for migration or for immobilization. The cortical cytoskeleton probably controls the spatiotemporal distribution of mitochondria within the cell and promotes their association with chloroplasts, which is necessary for exchange of metabolites during photosynthesis and detoxification.
机译：通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜观察荧光染料并进行药物抑制剂实验，研究了查理人节间细胞中线粒体的形状，运动性和亚细胞分布。线粒体的形状，大小，数量和分布根据细胞内的生长状态和代谢活性而变化。延长节间存在蠕虫状（香肠状），盘状或变形虫状线粒体，而非常年轻的细胞和已完成生长的较老细胞仅含有短的杆状细胞器。线粒体在流态内质中均匀分布和被动转运。在皮质中，线粒体被夹在质膜和固定的叶绿体之间，并与pH谱带的分布有关。在酸性处具有最高的线粒体密度，光合活性较高，而碱性位点的线粒体越来越少。在伸长细胞的皮质中，小的线粒体沿着微管或肌动蛋白丝缓慢移动。巨型线粒体的形状和运动性取决于与两个细胞骨架系统的同时相互作用。非延长性成熟细胞的皮质中没有微管依赖性的运动，线粒体仅偶尔沿着肌动蛋白丝移动。这些观察结果表明，characean节间的线粒体具有用于微管和肌动蛋白丝的运动蛋白，两者均可用作迁移或固定的轨道。皮质细胞骨架可能控制线粒体在细胞内的时空分布，并促进它们与叶绿体的缔合，这是光合作用和解毒过程中代谢物交换所必需的。

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