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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >The specialized chalazal endosperm in Arabidopsis thaliana and Lepidium virginicum (Brassicaceae)
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The specialized chalazal endosperm in Arabidopsis thaliana and Lepidium virginicum (Brassicaceae)

机译：拟南芥和初生的Lepidium v​​irginicum（芸苔科）中的特殊的骆驼属胚乳

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摘要

Endosperm of the nuclear type initially develops into a large multinucleate syncytium that lines the central cell. This seemingly simple wall-less cytoplasm can, however, be highly differentiated. In developing seeds of members of the family Brassicaceae the curved postfertilization embryo sac comprises three chambers or developmental domains. The syncytium fills the micropylar chamber around the embryo, spreads as a thin peripheral layer surrounding a large central vacuole in the central chamber, and is organized into individual nodules and a large multinucleate cyst in the chalazal tip. Later in development, after the endosperm has cellularized in the micropylar and central chambers, the chalazal endosperm cyst remains syncytial and shows considerable internal differentiation. The chalazal endosperm cyst consists of a domelike apical region that is separated from the cellularized endosperm by a remnant of the central vacuole and a basal haustorial portion which penetrates the chalazal proliferative tissue atop the vascular supply. In the shallow chalazal depression of Arabidopsis thaliana, the cyst is mushroom-shaped with short tentacle-like processes penetrating the maternal tissues. The long narrow chalazal channel of Lepidium irginicum is filled by an elongate stalklike portion of the cyst. In both, the dome contains a labyrinth of endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes with associated vesicles, nuclei, and plastids. The basal portions, which lack the larger organelles, exhibit extensive wall ingrowths and contain parallel arrays of microtubules. The highly specialized ultrastructure of the chalazal endosperm cyst and its intimate association with degrading chalazal proliferative cells suggest an important role in loading of maternal resources into the developing seed. [References: 43]
机译：核型的胚乳最初发展成一个大的多核合胞体，排列在中央细胞内。然而，这种看似简单的无壁细胞质可以高度分化。在十字花科的成员的正在发育的种子中，弯曲的受精后胚囊包括三个室或发育区域。合胞体充满胚胎周围的小孔腔，扩散成薄薄的外围层，围绕着中心腔中的大中央液泡，并组织成单个结节和在cha尖的大多核囊肿。在发育的后期，胚乳在小孔和中央室中细胞化后，查拉尔的胚乳囊肿保持合胞体并显示出相当大的内部分化。杯状胚乳囊肿由圆顶状的顶端区域组成，该区域通过中央液泡的残余部分与细胞化的胚乳分开，并且基层的子宫部分穿透血管供应层顶部的杯状增生组织。在拟南芥的浅层丘陵凹陷中，囊肿呈蘑菇状，具短触手状突起，穿透母体组织。隐性纤毛的长而狭窄的chalzal通道被囊肿的细长杆状部分填充。在这两者中，穹顶都包含内质网，与相关囊泡，核和质体在一起的双核小体的迷宫。缺乏较大细胞器的基底部分表现出广泛的壁向内生长，并包含平行排列的微管。查拉兹尔胚乳囊肿的高度专门化的超微结构及其与降解的查拉兹尔增生细胞的密切联系表明在将母体资源装载到发育中的种子中起着重要作用。 [参考：43]

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