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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Plasmodesmal changes are related to different developmental stages of antheridia of Chara species [Review]
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Plasmodesmal changes are related to different developmental stages of antheridia of Chara species [Review]

机译：血浆变化与甜菜属花粉的不同发育阶段有关[综述]

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During the development of the antheridia of Chara species, dynamic changes in the occurrence and ultrastructure of plasmodesmata are observed which are closely correlated to particular developmental phases and presumably regulate the morphogenetic events in the antheridia. The disappearance of plasmodesmata between shield cells and between shied cells and the basal cell leads to a cessation in symplasmic transport around the antheridum and determines its concentric or centrifugal character via centrally situated capitular cells. Unplugged plasmodesmata are present between fully synchronously developing antheridial filament cells and obviously coordinate the development of the cells. In the middle phase of spermiogenesis, rough endoplasmic reticulum in antheridial filaments passes uncompressed through wide plasmodesmata and provides an additional transport pathway for developmental control factors. Plugged plasmodesmata link cells of different types or cells of the same type which are at different phases of cell cycle and guarantee their individual development. The plugging of plasmodesmata is a reversible process that depends on the morphogenetic situation. Plasmodesmata connecting the basal cell and the subbasal cell as well as the basal cell and capitular cells are transformed successively from the simple into the complex type and might be the pathways for an import of gibberellins and nutrients into the strong sink tissues of the developing antheridium. There is a symplasmic connection between the antheridum and the thallus via a basal cell. Prior to the initiation of spermatozoid differentiation (spermiogenesis), plasmodesmata connecting the basal cell with a subbasal cell and the basal cell with capitular cells are spontaneously broken, resulting in symplasmic isolation of the antheridium that is probably a signal which triggers the induction of spermatozoid differentiation. Premature plasmolytically evoked symplasmic isolation of the antheridium leads to the elimination of 1 to 2 cell cycles from the proliferative stage of spermatogenesis. Autoradiographic studies demonstrate that both natural and induced symplasmic isolation drastically decreases the entry of isotopically labeled gibberellic acid into antheridia of Chara species that may be the consequence of the elimination of the hormone's transport through plasmodesmata. [References: 61]
机译：在Chara物种的花药的发育过程中，观察到了纤毛虫的发生和超微结构的动态变化，这些变化与特定的发育阶段密切相关，并可能调节了花药中的形态发生事件。盾状细胞之间以及屏蔽细胞与基底细胞之间的浆线虫消失，导致围绕花药的同质运输停止，并通过位于中心的毛细血管确定其同心或离心特性。完全同步发育的花丝细胞之间存在未插入的胞浆，明显协调了细胞的发育。在精子发生的中期，花丝中的粗面内质网不受压缩地穿过宽的胞浆，并为发育控制因子提供了额外的转运途径。堵塞的胞浆菌连接处于细胞周期不同阶段的不同类型的细胞或相同类型的细胞，并保证其个体发育。胞质虫的堵塞是一个可逆的过程，取决于形态发生情况。连接基底细胞和基底细胞以及基底细胞和头状细胞的疟原虫先后从简单型转变为复杂型，可能是赤霉素和营养素向发育中的花药的强沉组织中导入的途径。花药和the之间通过基底细胞有同质的联系。在启动精子分化（生精）之前，连接基底细胞和基底细胞以及基底细胞和头皮细胞的胞浆瘤被自然破坏，导致花药的对称分离，这可能是引发精子细胞分化的信号。 。 ther药的过早的溶酶诱导的同质分离导致精子发生增殖阶段消除了1至2个细胞周期。放射自显影研究表明，自然的和诱导的同质分离都极大地减少了同位素标记的赤霉素进入Chara物种的大动脉粥样病中，这可能是由于消除了通过线虫的激素运输所致。 [参考：61]

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