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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >SATELLITE SPITZENKORPER IN GROWING HYPHAL TIPS
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SATELLITE SPITZENKORPER IN GROWING HYPHAL TIPS

机译：不断增长的HIP提示中的卫星斜方肌

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Growing hyphal tips of higher fungi contain an organized assemblage of secretory vesicles and other cell components collectively known as the Spitzenkorper. Until now, the Spitzenkorper has been portrayed as a single spheroid complex located near the apical cell wall. This study demonstrates the occurrence of multiple Spitzenkorper in growing hyphal apices imaged by video-enhanced phase-contrast microscopy. In addition to the main Spitzenkorper, smaller satellite Spitzenkorper arise a few micrometers behind the apical pole. Four developmental stages were identified: (a) the satellites first appeared as faint phase-dark plaques next to the plasma membrane, (b) gradually increased in size and assumed an ovoid profile, (c) they migrated to the hyphal apex, and (d) finally they merged with the main Spitzenkorper. After the merger, the main Spitzenkorper temporarily increased in size. Satellites were observed in 14 fungi, most of which had relatively large (5-10 mu m diam.), fast-growing hyphae (2-33 mu m/min elongation rate). The average frequency of in-focus satellites was 7+/min for Fusarium culmorum and 11+/min for Trichoderma viride. As with the main Spitzenkorper, satellites were present only in growing cells. They were transient and remained visible for 3-8s before merging with the main Spitzenkorper. Within the hyphae, satellites travelled up to six times faster than the average cell elongation rate. Multiple satellites some times occurred simultaneously; up to three were seen within a hyphal apex at the same time. Localized cell enlargement occurred next to stationary satellites, suggesting that satellite Spitzenkorper are functional as sources of new cell surface before they reach the main Spitzenkorper; therefore, they account for some variations in the profiles of the growing hyphae. By electron microscopy, satellites consisted of small clusters of apical vesicles surrounding a group of microvesicles located next to the plasma membrane. The identification and behavior of the satellites represent clear evidence of directional mass transport of vesicles toward the hyphal apex. Our observations indicate that satellites are a common phenomenon in growing hyphal apices of septate fungi and that they contribute to growth of the hyphal apex. [References: 31]
机译：越来越多的真菌菌丝尖端包含分泌性囊泡和其他细胞成分的有组织的集合，这些集合统称为Spitzenkorper。到目前为止，Spitzenkorper被描绘为位于根尖细胞壁附近的单个球状复合体。这项研究表明通过视频增强相差显微镜成像的生长菌丝顶点中存在多个Spitzenkorper。除了主要的Spitzenkorper卫星外，较小的Spitzenkorper卫星还位于根尖后方几微米处。确定了四个发育阶段：（a）卫星首先以质膜旁边的暗淡阶段性暗斑出现;（b）大小逐渐增加并呈卵形;（c）迁移到菌丝顶点;和（ d）最后，他们与主要的Spitzenkorper合并。合并后，主要的Spitzenkorper的规模暂时增加。在14种真菌中观察到卫星，其中大多数具有相对较大（直径5-10微米），快速生长的菌丝（2-33微米/分钟的延伸率）。聚焦镰刀菌平均聚焦卫星的平均频率为7 + / min，绿色木霉为11 + / min。与主要的Spitzenkorper一样，卫星仅存在于正在生长的细胞中。它们是短暂的，并在与主要的Spitzenkorper合并之前保持可见3-8s。在菌丝内，卫星的传播速度比平均细胞伸长率快六倍。有时同时发生多颗卫星;在一个菌丝顶点中最多可以同时看到三个。局部细胞扩大发生在静止的卫星附近，这表明卫星Spitzenkorper在到达主要Spitzenkorper之前可作为新细胞表面的来源。因此，它们解释了菌丝生长情况的某些变化。通过电子显微镜，卫星由顶囊泡的小簇围绕着位于质膜旁边的一组微囊泡组成。卫星的识别和行为清楚地表明了小泡向菌丝尖的定向大量运输。我们的观察结果表明，卫星是分隔真菌的菌丝尖生长中的常见现象，并且它们有助于菌丝尖的生长。 [参考：31]

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