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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >A new type of microtubular cytoskeleton in microsporogenesis of Lavatera thuringiaca L.
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A new type of microtubular cytoskeleton in microsporogenesis of Lavatera thuringiaca L.

机译：苏云金杆菌微孢子发生中的新型微管细胞骨架。

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摘要

In Lavatera thuringiaca, kariokinesis and simultaneous cytokinesis during the meiotic division of microsporogenesis follow a procedure similar to that which takes place in the majority of members of the class Angiospermae. However, chondriokinesis occurs in a unique way found only in species from the family Malvaceae. Chondriokinesis in such species is well documented, but the relationship between the tubulin cytoskeleton and rearrangement of cell organelles during meiosis in L. thuringiaca has not been precisely defined so far. In this study, the microtubular cytoskeleton was investigated in dividing microsporocytes of L. thuringiaca by immunofluorescence. The meiotic stages and positions of cell organelles were identified by staining with 4',6-diamidino2-phenylindole. We observed that, during prophase I and II, changes in microtubular cytoskeleton configurations have unique features, which have not been described for other plant species. At the end of prophase I, orgarrelles (mostly plastids and mitochondria) form a compact envelope around the nucleus, and the subsequent phases of kariokinesis take place within this arrangement. At this point of cell division, micrombules surround the organelle envelope and separate it from the peripheral cytoplasm, which is devoid of plastids and mitochondria. In telophase I, two newly formed nuclei are tightly surrounded by the cell organelle envelopes, and these are separated by the phragmoplast. Later, when the phragmoplast disappears, cell organelles still surround the nuclei but also move a little, starting to occupy the place of the disappearing phragmoplast. After the breakup of tetrads, the radial microtubule system is well developed, and cell organelles can still be observed as a dense envelope around the nuclei. At a very late stage of sporoderm development, the radial microtubule system disappears, and cell organelles become gradually scattered in the cytoplasm of the microspores. Using colchicines, specific inhibitors of microtubule formation, we investigated the relationship between the tubulin cytoskeleton and the distribution of cell organelles. Our analysis demonstrates that impairment of microtubule organization, which constitutes only a single component of the cytoskeleton, is enough to disturb typical chondriokinesis in L. thuringiaca. This indicates that microtubules (independent of microfilaments) are responsible for the reorganization of cell organelles during meiotic division.
机译：在苏云金芽孢杆菌中，在小孢子发生的减数分裂过程中，kariokinesis和同时的胞质分裂遵循与大多数被子植物类成员相同的过程。但是，软骨运动以独特的方式发生，仅在锦葵科的物种中才发现。这类物种的软骨动力学已得到充分证明，但是到目前为止，苏云金芽孢杆菌的微管蛋白细胞骨架与减数分裂过程中细胞器重排之间的关系尚未精确定义。在这项研究中，研究了通过免疫荧光法将苏云金芽孢杆菌的微孢子细胞分裂的微管细胞骨架。通过用4'，6-二mid基-2-苯基吲哚染色来鉴定细胞器的减数分裂阶段和位置。我们观察到，在前期I和II期间，微管细胞骨架配置的变化具有独特的功能，其他植物物种尚未对此进行描述。在前期I结束时，Orgarrelles（主要是质体和线粒体）在细胞核周围形成了紧密的包膜，随后的Kariokinesis阶段在这种排列下发生。在细胞分裂的这一点上，微粒围绕着细胞器的被膜并将其与周围的细胞质分开，周围的细胞质缺乏质体和线粒体。在末期I，两个新形成的细胞核被细胞器的包膜紧紧地包裹着，并被原生质膜分开。后来，当原生质膜消失时，细胞器仍围绕着细胞核，但也移动了一点，开始占据了消失质膜的位置。四分体分解后，放射状微管系统发育良好，仍然可以观察到细胞器为细胞核周围的致密包膜。在孢子体发育的非常晚期，放射状微管系统消失，细胞器逐渐散布在小孢子的细胞质中。使用秋水仙碱，微管形成的特异性抑制剂，我们调查了微管蛋白细胞骨架与细胞器分布之间的关系。我们的分析表明，仅构成细胞骨架单个组成部分的微管组织受损足以扰乱苏云金芽孢杆菌的典型软骨动力学。这表明在减数分裂分裂过程中，微管（独立于微丝）负责细胞器的重组。

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