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Growth control by cell wall pectins

机译:细胞壁果胶对生长的控制

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摘要

Plant cell growth is controlled by the balance between turgor pressure and the extensibility of the cell wall. Several distinct classes of wall polysaccharides and their interactions contribute to the architecture and the emergent features of the wall. As a result, remarkable tensile strength is achieved without relinquishing extensibility. The control of growth and development does not only require a precisely regulated biosynthesis of cell wall components, but also constant remodeling and modification after deposition of the polymers. This is especially evident given the fact that wall deposition and cell expansion are largely uncoupled. Pectins form a functionally and structurally diverse class of galacturonic acid-rich polysaccharides which can undergo abundant modification with a concomitant change in physicochemical properties. This review focuses on homogalacturonan demethylesterification catalyzed by the ubiquitous enzyme pectin methylesterase (PME) as a growth control module. Special attention is drawn to the recently discovered role of this process in primordial development in the shoot apical meristem.
机译:植物细胞的生长受膨胀压力和细胞壁可扩展性之间的平衡控制。壁多糖的几种不同类别及其相互作用有助于壁的结构和出现的特征。结果,在不放弃可延展性的情况下实现了显着的拉伸强度。生长和发育的控制不仅需要精确调节细胞壁成分的生物合成,还需要在聚合物沉积后不断进行重塑和修饰。考虑到壁沉积和细胞膨胀在很大程度上是不相关的,这一点尤其明显。果胶形成功能上和结构上各异的富含半乳糖醛酸的多糖类,这些多糖可进行大量修饰并伴随理化性质发生变化。这项审查侧重于泛半乳糖果胶甲基酯酶(PME)作为生长控制模块催化的同型半乳糖醛酸脱甲基酯化。特别注意这一过程在茎尖分生组织的原始发育中最近发现的作用。

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