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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Dynamic microtubules and endomembrane cycling contribute to polarity establishment and early development of Ectocarpus mitospores
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Dynamic microtubules and endomembrane cycling contribute to polarity establishment and early development of Ectocarpus mitospores

机译：动态微管和膜内循环有助于极性建立和赤皮线虫的早期发育

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摘要

Many zygotes and spores of brown algae are photosensitive and establish a developmental axis in accordance with directional light cues. Ectocarpus siliculosus is being advanced as a genetic and genomic model organism for investigating brown alga development, and this report investigates photopolarization of the growth axis of mitospores. When exposed to unidirectional light, mitospores photopolarized and established a growth axis such that germination was preferentially localized to the shaded hemisphere of the spore body. The roles of the microtubule cytoskeleton and endomembrane cycling in the photopolarization process were investigated using pharmacological agents. Disruption of microtubule dynamics progressively reduced the percentage of mitospores that photopolarized, while inhibition of vesicle secretion blocked photopolarization nearly completely. Chronic treatment with these pharmacological agents severely affected algal morphogenesis. Microtubules in mitospores and algal filaments were imaged by confocal microscopy. Mitospores contained a radial microtubule array, emanating from a centrosome associated with the nuclear envelope. At germination, the radial array gradually transitioned into a longitudinal array with microtubules extending into the emerging apex. At mitosis, spindles were aligned with the growth axis of cylindrical cells in the filament, and the division plane bisected the spindle axis. These studies demonstrate that dynamic membrane cycling and microtubule assembly play fundamental roles in photopolarization and provide a foundation for future genetic and genomic investigations of this important developmental process.
机译：褐藻的许多合子和孢子都是光敏的，并根据定向光的指示建立了一个发育轴。 Ectocarpus siliculosus作为研究褐藻发育的遗传和基因组模型生物正在得到发展，并且该报告研究了线粒体生长轴的光极化作用。当暴露于单向光下时，线粒体会进行光极化并建立一条生长轴，从而使发芽优先定位在孢子体的阴影半球上。使用药理学试剂研究了微管细胞骨架和膜内循环在光极化过程中的作用。微管动力学的破坏逐渐降低了光极化的子孢子的百分比，而抑制囊泡分泌几乎完全阻断了光极化。这些药物的长期治疗严重影响了藻的形态发生。共聚焦显微镜对线粒体和藻丝中的微管成像。线粒体包含一个放射状的微管阵列，起源于与核被膜相关的中心体。萌发时，放射状阵列逐渐过渡为纵向阵列，微管延伸到新兴的先端。在有丝分裂时，纺锤体与细丝中圆柱状细胞的生长轴对齐，并且划分平面将纺锤体轴一分为二。这些研究表明动态膜循环和微管组装在光极化中起基本作用，并为该重要发育过程的未来遗传和基因组研究提供了基础。

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