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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Embryo cell wall properties in relation to development and desiccation in the recalcitrant-seeded Encephalartos natalensis (Zamiaceae) Dyer and Verdoorn
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Embryo cell wall properties in relation to development and desiccation in the recalcitrant-seeded Encephalartos natalensis (Zamiaceae) Dyer and Verdoorn

机译：顽固播种的头脑病（Zamiaceae）Dyer和Verdoorn的胚胎细胞壁特性与发育和干燥的关系

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摘要

Plant cell walls are dynamic entities that may change with development, differ between plant species and tissue type and play an important role in responses to various stresses. In this regard, the present investigation employed immunocytochemistry to determine wall composition and possible changes during development of immature and mature embryos of the recalcitrant-seeded cycad Encephalartos natalensis. Fluorescent and gold markers, together with cryo-scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were also used to analyse potential changes in the cell walls of mature embryos upon desiccation. Immature cell walls were characterised by low- and high methyl-esterified epitopes of pectin, rhamnogalacturonan-associated arabinan, and the hemicellulose xyloglucan. Arabinogalactan protein recognised by the LM2 antibody, along with rhamnogalacturonan-associated galactan and the hemicellulose xylan, were not positively localised using immunological probes, suggesting that the cell walls of the embryo of E. natalensis do not possess these epitopes. Interestingly, mature embryos appeared to be identical to immature ones with respect to the cell wall components investigated, implying that these may not change during the protracted post-shedding embryogenesis of this species. Drying appeared to induce some degree of cell wall folding in mature embryos, although this was limited by the abundant amyloplasts, which filled the cytomatrical space. Folding, however, was correlated with relatively high levels of wall plasticisers typified by arabinose polymers. From the results of this study, it is proposed that the embryo cell walls of E. natalensis are constitutively prepared for the flexibility required during cell growth and expansion, which may also facilitate the moderate cell wall folding observed in mature embryos upon drying. This, together with the abundant occurrence of amyloplasts in the cytomatrix, may provide sufficient mechanical stabilisation if water is lost, even though the seeds of this species are highly desiccation-sensitive.
机译：植物细胞壁是动态实体，可能随着发育而变化，在植物种类和组织类型之间有所不同，并在对各种胁迫的响应中起重要作用。在这方面，本研究采用免疫细胞化学来确定壁组成和顽固接种的苏铁苏铁网状脑虫的未成熟和成熟胚胎发育过程中的可能变化。荧光和金标记，以及冷冻扫描和透射电子显微镜（TEM）也被用于分析干燥后成熟胚胎细胞壁的潜在变化。未成熟的细胞壁的特征是果胶，鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸相关的阿拉伯聚糖和半纤维素木葡聚糖的低和高甲基酯化表位。 LM2抗体识别的阿拉伯半乳聚糖蛋白，以及鼠李半乳糖醛酸相关的半乳聚糖和半纤维素木聚糖，未使用免疫探针阳性定位，这表明纳粹肠杆菌胚胎的细胞壁不具有这些表位。有趣的是，就所研究的细胞壁成分而言，成熟的胚胎似乎与未成熟的胚胎相同，这意味着在该物种长期脱落后的胚胎发生过程中，它们可能不会改变。干燥似乎在成熟的胚胎中诱导了一定程度的细胞壁折叠，尽管这受到充填了细胞基质空间的丰富的淀粉体的限制。然而，折叠与阿拉伯糖聚合物代表的较高水平的壁增塑剂相关。从这项研究的结果，建议构成性地制备E.natalensis的胚胎细胞壁，以获得细胞生长和扩增所需的柔韧性，这也可能有助于成熟的胚胎在干燥后观察到适度的细胞壁折叠。即使该物种的种子对干燥高度敏感，这与胞质中淀粉状体的大量出现一起，可以在失去水分的情况下提供足够的机械稳定性。

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