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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Cytological and molecular analysis of nonhost resistance in rice to wheat powdery mildew and leaf rust pathogens
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Cytological and molecular analysis of nonhost resistance in rice to wheat powdery mildew and leaf rust pathogens

机译：水稻对小麦白粉病和叶锈病病原菌非宿主抗性的细胞学和分子分析

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摘要

Cereal powdery mildews caused by Blumeria graminis and cereal rusts caused by Puccinia spp. are constant disease threats that limit the production of almost all important cereal crops. Rice is an intensively grown agricultural cereal that is atypical because of its immunity to all powdery mildew and rust fungi. We analyzed the nonhost interactions between rice and the wheat powdery mildew fungus B. graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) and the wheat leaf rust fungus Puccinia triticina (Ptr) to identify the basis of nonhost resistance (NHR) in rice against cereal powdery mildew and rust fungi at cytological and molecular levels. No visible symptoms were observed on rice leaves inoculated with Bgt or Ptr. Microscopic observations showed that both pathogens exhibited aberrant differentiation and significantly reduced penetration frequencies on rice compared to wheat. The development of Bgt and Ptr was also completely arrested at early infection stages in cases of successful penetration into rice leaves. Attempted infection of rice by Bgt and Ptr induced similar defense responses, including callose deposition, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and hypersensitive response in rice epidermal and mesophyll cells, respectively. Furthermore, a set of defense-related genes were upregulated in rice against Bgt and Ptr infection. Rice is an excellent monocot model for genetic and molecular studies. Therefore, our results demonstrate that rice is a useful model to study the mechanisms of NHR to cereal powdery mildew and rust fungi, which provides useful information for the development of novel and durable strategies to control these important pathogens.
机译：小麦粉引起的谷物白粉病和小麦条锈菌引起的谷物锈病。持续的疾病威胁限制了几乎所有重要的谷物作物的产量。稻米是一种集约种植的农业谷物，由于其对所有白粉病和锈菌均具有免疫力，因此是非典型的。我们分析了水稻和小麦白粉病真菌B. graminis f之间的非寄主相互作用。 sp。 Tritici（Bgt）和小麦叶锈菌Puccinia triticina（Ptr）可以在水稻的细胞学和分子水平上鉴定水稻对谷物白粉病和锈病真菌的非寄主抗性（NHR）。在接种了Bgt或Ptr的水稻叶片上未观察到明显的症状。显微镜观察表明，与小麦相比，两种病原体均表现出异常的分化并显着降低了在水稻上的穿透频率。在成功渗透到稻叶的情况下，Bgt和Ptr的发育在感染的早期也被完全阻止。 Bgt和Ptr试图侵染水稻会诱导相似的防御反应，包括including在水稻表皮和叶肉细胞中的call沉积，活性氧的积累和超敏反应。此外，水稻中针对Bgt和Ptr感染的一组防御相关基因也被上调。水稻是用于遗传和分子研究的优秀单子叶植物模型。因此，我们的结果表明，水稻是研究NHR抑制谷物白粉病和锈病真菌机制的有用模型，它为开发控制这些重要病原体的新型持久策略提供了有用的信息。

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