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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Cytoskeletal arrays in the cells of soybean root nodules: the role of actin microfilaments in the organisation of symbiosomes
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Cytoskeletal arrays in the cells of soybean root nodules: the role of actin microfilaments in the organisation of symbiosomes

机译：大豆根瘤细胞中的细胞骨架阵列：肌动蛋白微丝在共生体组织中的作用

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Within the infected cells of root nodules there is evidence of stratification and organisation of symbiosomes and other organelles. This organisation is likely to be important for the efficient exchange of nutrients and metabolites during functioning of the nodules. Using immunocytochemical labelling and confocal microscopy we have determined the organisation of cytoskeletal elements, microtubules and actin microfilaments in soybean nodule cells, with a view to assessing their possible role in organelle distribution. Most microtubule arrays occurred in the cell cortex where they formed disorganised arrays in both uninfected and infected cells from mature nodules. In infected cells from developing nodules, parallel arrays of microtubules, transverse to the long axis of the cell, were observed. In incipient nodules, before release of rhizobia into the plant cells, the cells also had an array of microtubules which radiated from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Three actin arrays were identified in the infected cells of mature nodules: an aster-like array which emanated from the surface of the nucleus,a cortical array which had an arrangement similar to that of the cortical microtubules, and, throughout the cytoplasm, an array of fine filaments which had a honeycomb arrangement consistent with a distribution between adjacent symbiosomes. Uninfected cells from mature nodules had only a random cortical array of actin filaments: In incipient nodules, the density of actin microfilaments associated with the nucleus and radiating through the cytoplasm was much less than that seen in mature infected cells. The cortical array of actin also differed, being composed of swirling configurations of filaments. After invasion of nodule cells by the rhizobia, the number of actin filaments emanating from the nucleus increased markedly and formed a network through the cytoplasm. Conversely, the cytoplasmic array in uninfected cells of developing nodules was identical to that in the cells of incipient nodules. The cytoplasmic network in infected cells of developing nodules is likely to be the precursor of the honeycomb array seen in mature nodule cells. We propose that this actin array plays a role in the spatial organisation of symbiosomes and that the microtubules are involved in the localisation of mitochondria and plastids at the cell periphery in the infected cells of root nodules. [References: 59]
机译：在根瘤的感染细胞内，有共生体和其他细胞器分层和组织的证据。这种组织对于在结节运作过程中有效交换养分和代谢物可能很重要。使用免疫细胞化学标记和共聚焦显微镜，我们确定了大豆根瘤细胞中细胞骨架元件，微管和肌动蛋白微丝的组织，以评估它们在细胞器分布中的可能作用。大多数微管阵列发生在细胞皮层中，在那里它们在未感染和成熟结节的感染细胞中形成杂乱无章的阵列。在发育中的结节感染的细胞中，观察到了平行于细胞长轴的微管平行阵列。在初发结节中，在根瘤菌释放到植物细胞中之前，细胞还具有一系列微管，这些微管从细胞核辐射到细胞质中。在成熟结节的受感染细胞中鉴定出三个肌动蛋白阵列：一个从细胞核表面发出的翠菊样阵列，一个与皮质微管排列相似的皮质阵列，以及在整个细胞质中的一个阵列具有与相邻共生体之间分布一致的蜂窝状排列的细丝。来自成熟结节的未感染细胞仅具有随机排列的皮质肌动蛋白丝：在初生结节中，与细胞核相关并辐射穿过细胞质的肌动蛋白微丝的密度远小于成熟感染细胞中看到的密度。肌动蛋白的皮质阵列也有所不同，由细丝的漩涡状构型组成。根瘤菌侵袭结节细胞后，从细胞核发出的肌动蛋白丝数目明显增加，并通过细胞质形成网络。相反，发育中的结节未感染细胞中的细胞质排列与早期结节中的细胞质排列相同。发育中的结节受感染细胞中的细胞质网络很可能是成熟结节细胞中蜂窝阵列的前体。我们提出，该肌动蛋白阵列在共生体的空间组织中起作用，并且微管参与根结节感染细胞的细胞周围线粒体和质体的定位。 [参考：59]

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