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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacology >Respiratory and immunologic consequences of marijuana smoking.
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Respiratory and immunologic consequences of marijuana smoking.

机译：大麻的呼吸和免疫学后果。

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摘要

Habitual smoking of marijuana has a number of effects on the respiratory and immune systems that may be clinically relevant. These include alterations in lung function ranging from no to mild airflow obstruction without evidence of diffusion impairment, an increased prevalence of acute and chronic bronchitis, striking endoscopic findings of airway injury (erythema, edema, and increased secretions) that correlate with histopathological alterations in bronchial biopsies, and dysregulated growth of the bronchial epithelium associated with altered expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins involved in the pathogenesis of bronchogenic carcinoma. Other consequences of regular marijuana use include ultrastructual abnormalities in human alveolar macrophages along with impairment of their cytokine production, antimicrobial activity, and tumoricidal function. Cannabinoid receptor expression is altered in leukocytes collected from the blood of chronic smokers, and experimental models support a role for delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in suppressing T cell function and cell-mediated immunity. The potential for marijuana smoking to predispose to the development of respiratory malignancy is suggested by several lines of evidence, including the presence of potent carcinogens in marijuana smoke and their resulting deposition in the lung, the occurrence of premalignant changes in bronchial biopsies obtained from smokers of marijuana in the absence of tobacco, impairment of antitumor immune defenses by delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and several clinical case series in which marijuana smokers were disproportionately over represented among young individuals who developed upper or lower respiratory tract cancer. Additional well designed epidemiological and immune monitoring studies are required to determine the potential causal relationship between marijuana use and the development of respiratory infection and/or cancer.
机译：习惯性抽烟对呼吸和免疫系统有许多影响，可能与临床有关。这些包括肺功能的改变，范围从无到轻度气流阻塞，无弥散障碍的证据，急性和慢性支气管炎的患病率增加，内镜下发现的气道损伤（红斑，水肿和分泌物增多）与支气管的组织病理学改变相关活检和支气管上皮细胞生长异常，与支气管癌的发病机理有关的核蛋白和胞浆蛋白表达的改变有关。经常使用大麻的其他后果包括人类肺泡巨噬细胞的超微结构异常，以及细胞因子生成，抗菌活性和杀肿瘤功能的损害。从慢性吸烟者血液中收集的白细胞中的大麻素受体表达发生改变，并且实验模型支持delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol在抑制T细胞功能和细胞介导的免疫中的作用。几项证据表明，吸烟有可能诱发呼吸道恶性肿瘤，包括大麻烟中存在强致癌物及其在肺中的沉积，从吸烟者那里获得的支气管活检组织发生恶变前变化。在没有烟草的情况下吸食大麻，delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol损害抗肿瘤免疫防御能力，以及一些临床案例系列，其中吸食大麻的人比例过高，而这些年轻人在患有上呼吸道或下呼吸道癌的年轻人中所占比例较高。还需要进行其他精心设计的流行病学和免疫监测研究，以确定大麻使用与呼吸道感染和/或癌症发展之间的潜在因果关系。

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