• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>The journal of clinical psychiatry >Overview and neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
【24h】

Overview and neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

机译：注意缺陷/多动障碍的概述和神经生物学。

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) impairs millions of people worldwide, both the prevalence and existence of the disorder are being reevaluated at the phenotypic level. To safeguard against overdiagnosis, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), demands that individuals with ADHD have pervasive impairment, that is, impairment in more than 1 setting. However, the appropriateness of the DSM-IV classification of ADHD is also undergoing reevaluation. Like the symptoms of a developmental disability, the symptoms of ADHD must be evaluated in the context of age-based norms; therefore, the current criteria for ADHD, which are not age referenced, may minimize the rate of persistence of ADHD into adulthood. In an effort to better understand the pathophysiology of ADHD, recent research has focused on identifying the etiology of ADHD. These studies have revealed that the disorder is highly heritable and may be associated with neurobiological deficits in the prefrontal cortex and related subcortical systems. Etiologic studies have also identified candidate genes and prenatal and perinatal risk factors for ADHD. As the causes and course of ADHD are better understood, a new generation of medications is being developed for the disorder. Although stimulants are often effective in reducing the symptoms of the disorder, as a class they have limitations such as a lack of 24-hour-a-day coverage, unwanted side effects, potential for abuse, and lessened effectiveness in the context of some comorbidities. Therefore, the treatment characteristics of newer, more selective treatments such as atomoxetine should continue to be explored in ADHD.
机译：尽管注意力缺乏/多动障碍（ADHD）损害了全球数以百万计的人，但该疾病的发生率和存在性正在表型水平上重新评估。为了防止过度诊断，《精神障碍诊断和统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）要求患有ADHD的患者普遍存在障碍，即在1种以上的环境中存在障碍。但是，ADHD的DSM-IV分类的适当性也正在重新评估。像发育障碍的症状一样，多动症的症状必须在基于年龄的规范的背景下进行评估。因此，目前没有针对年龄的ADHD标准可能会最大程度地降低ADHD成年后的持续性。为了更好地理解ADHD的病理生理，最近的研究集中在鉴定ADHD的病因上。这些研究表明，该疾病是高度遗传的，可能与额叶前额叶皮质和相关皮层下系统的神经生物学缺陷有关。病因学研究还确定了多动症的候选基因以及产前和围产期危险因素。随着人们对多动症的病因和病程的更好理解，针对该疾病的新一代药物正在开发中。尽管兴奋剂通常可以有效减轻疾病的症状，但一类兴奋剂仍存在局限性，例如缺乏一天24小时覆盖，不良副作用，滥用的可能性以及在某些合并症中的有效性降低。因此，在ADHD中应继续探索更新的，选择性更高的治疗方法如阿托西汀的治疗特征。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号