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首页> 外文期刊>The journal of clinical psychiatry >Treatment challenges and safety considerations for antipsychotic use in children and adolescents with psychoses.
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Treatment challenges and safety considerations for antipsychotic use in children and adolescents with psychoses.

机译：在患有精神病的儿童和青少年中使用抗精神病药的治疗挑战和安全考虑。

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With increased prescribing of psychotropic medications to children and adolescents, more attention should be given to the safety and tolerability of these drugs in this population. Compared with adults, children are especially vulnerable to adverse effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), sedation, weight gain, and prolactin elevation. The prevalence of EPS is much higher in children treated with conventional antipsychotics than in those given atypical antipsychotics. Sedation, which can be minimized through gradual dose escalation, is common with risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and ziprasidone. The relative propensities for producing weight gain in children and adolescents are olanzapine > risperidone > quetiapine. All conventional and some atypical antipsychotics (e.g., risperidone) increase serum prolactin levels. Nonetheless, preclinical studies suggest that atypical antipsychotics may have neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system; further studies, especially in children and adolescents, are required to confirm these results.
机译：随着对儿童和青少年开具精神药物的处方增加，应更加注意这些药物在该人群中的安全性和耐受性。与成人相比，儿童尤其容易受到不良影响，包括锥体束外症状（EPS），镇静，体重增加和催乳激素升高。与接受非典型抗精神病药治疗的儿童相比，接受常规抗精神病药治疗的儿童中EPS的患病率要高得多。利培酮，奥氮平，喹硫平和齐拉西酮常见于镇静作用，可通过逐步增加剂量来减少镇静作用。儿童和青少年体重增加的相对倾向是奥氮平>利培酮>喹硫平。所有常规药物和一些非典型抗精神病药物（例如利培酮）都会增加血清催乳素水平。但是，临床前研究表明，非典型抗精神病药可能对中枢神经系统具有神经保护作用。需要进一步研究，尤其是在儿童和青少年中，以证实这些结果。

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